碳中和专项法立法探究

Research on Formulating a Specific Law on Carbon Neutrality

气候变化和能源问题是当前突出的全球性挑战,事关国际社会共同利益,也关系地球未来。作为负责任的发展中国家,习近平总书记在2020年郑重宣布了中国的“双碳”目标,将碳达峰碳中和目标纳入我国经济社会发展和生态文明建设整体布局;我国出台“双碳”顶层设计文件,明确要求研究制定碳中和专项法律,补齐在绿色转型和低碳发展方面的法制短板。本文系统分析了制定碳中和专项法对于展现中国大国责任担当、构建人类命运共同体、转化适用国际法、落实国家大政方针的重要意义,梳理了国际碳中和立法的实践进展和重要作用,研究了制定碳中和法的基础条件,并提出了要统筹协调相关法律的关系和制定节奏,明确碳中和专项法的综合性、基础性法律定位,尽早启动立法工作等有关建议。

Climate change and energy are prominent global challenges that bear on the common interests of the international community and the future of the planet.China has issued a top-level design document for"dual carbon",which clearly requires conducting research on formulating a specific law on carbon neutrality to make up for legal weaknesses in green transformation and low-carbon development.This paper systematically analyzes the significance of enacting a special carbon neutrality law in demonstrating China's responsibility as a major country,building a community with a shared future for mankind,transforming the application of international law,and implementing national policies.It reviews the practical progress and important role of international carbon neutrality legislation,studies the basic conditions for enacting a carbon neutrality law,and proposes to coordinate the relationship between relevant laws and the pace of enactment.Clarify the comprehensive and basic legal positioning of the special law on carbon neutrality,and start the legislative work as soon as possible.