成都市河流中四环素、喹诺酮类抗生素污染特征及生态风险评价

Pollution Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Tetracycline and Quinolone Antibiotics in Rivers of Chengdu

近年来抗生素的大量使用和滥用,导致抗生素在多种环境介质中均被检测到,其带来的生态风险和健康风险日益引起人们的广泛关注。成都市目前尚缺乏有关地表水抗生素污染的数据,因此,为了评估成都市不同流域中抗生素的分布特征以及生态风险,采用固相萃取(SPE)和高效液相色谱串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS),分别监测了成都市府河、西江河、毗河、濛阳河以及蒲江河5条流域中四环素、喹诺酮两大类共计25种抗生素在丰水期和枯水期的污染水平,并对其进行生态风险评价。结果表明,两个水期共检出16种抗生素,检出率介于0-90.3%之间;四环素在丰水期和枯水期均表现出较高的检出率,分别为87.1%和77.4%。两类抗生素总质量浓度表现为枯水期远高于丰水期,总质量浓度范围介于ND-642 ng·L^(-1)之间,平均质量浓度为65.6 ng·L^(-1)。质量浓度最高的抗生素为喹诺酮类的氟罗沙星和氧氟沙星,分别为642 ng·L^(-1)和384 ng·L^(-1),平均为245 ng·L^(-1)和42.9 ng·L^(-1)。在被研究的5个流域中,抗生素的残留水平依次为西江河>蒲江河>府河>毗河>濛阳河;与国内其他水体比较,成都市研究河流中抗生素的污染程度处于中等水平。根据欧盟技术指导文件中关于抗生素环境风险评价的方法,对其中比较常见的9种抗生素进行生态风险评价。结果表明,枯水期生态风险高于丰水期,其中,洛美沙星和诺氟沙星在濛阳河及西江河流域、强力霉素在蒲江河流域中的RQ均大于1。抗生素生态加和风险RQ≥1,表明抗生素污染物的暴露对该流域生态环境有着潜在危害。

Due to the widespread use and abuse of antibiotics in recent years,antibiotics have already been detected in various environmental media,and the ecological and health risks caused by them have attracted widespread attention.However,Chengdu currently lacks data on antibiotic contamination of surface water.Therefore,to assess the distribution characteristics and ecological risks of antibiotics in different watersheds in Chengdu,in this paper,solid phase extraction(SPE)and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS)were used to monitor the pollution levels of tetracyclines and quinolones,which included a total of 25 kinds of antibiotics in five Chengdu watersheds of Fu River,Xijiang River,Pi River,Mengyang River,and Pujiang River in high and low flow periods.In addition,we also carried out an ecological risk assessment.The results showed that 16 antibiotics were detected in the two water periods,and the detection rates ranged from 0 to 90.3%.The tetracycline showed a high detection rate in both high and low flow periods,which were 87.1%and 77.4%,respectively.The total concentration of the two types of antibiotics was much higher in the low flow period than in the high flow period,the detected mass concentration ranged from ND to 642 ng L^(−1),and the average mass concentration was 65.6 ng∙L^(−1).The antibiotics with the highest concentration were the quinolones fleroxacin and ofloxacin,which were 642 ng∙L^(−1)and 384 ng∙L^(−1),respectively,and the average concentrations were 245 ng∙L^(−1)and 42.9 ng∙L^(−1).In the five watersheds studied,the residual levels of antibiotics were in the order of Xijiang River>Pujiang River>Fu River>Pi River>Mengyang River.Compared with other watersheds in China,the pollution degree of antibiotics was at a moderate level in the studied rivers.According to the environmental risk assessment method of antibiotics in the European Union technical guidance document,we conducted an ecological risk assessment for 9 kinds of the more common antibiotics.The results showed that the ecological risk in the dry season was higher than that in the high flow period.The RQ of lomefloxacin and norfloxacin in Mengyang River and Xijiang River and the doxycycline in Pujiang River were all greater than 1.The ecological additive risk of antibiotics RQ≥1,indicates that the exposure of antibiotic pollutants has potential harm to the ecological environment of the basin.