美德英科学基金应急项目管理机制比较及其启示

Comparison of Emergency Project Management Mechanisms of Science Foundations in the United States,Germany,and the United Kingdom and Their Enlightenments for China

“应急项目”是各国科学基金在应急事件驱动下启动设立的专项项目,用以推动科研人员通过研究提供科学分析与政策建议,具有重要的实际意义。本文通过对美国、德国与英国科学资助机构的应急项目运行机制与管理流程进行梳理和比较,揭示了这些国家在应对全球或国内重大紧急情况时能够迅速动员科研资源、有效分配资金,并促进高质量研究成果的关键机制。在此基础上,结合我国科学基金应急项目管理的现状和不足,对应急项目的管理机制提出了优化建议,即开通自下而上的自主选题通道,放宽申请条件,加速遴选流程,构建精细化的资助体系,完善应急项目评价机制,平衡研究效率与创新成果。

The“Emergency Projects”are special projects initiated by science foundations in response to emergency events,and are of great practical importance in promoting researchers to provide scientific analyses and possible policy recommendations through their research.This paper compares the management procedures and operating mechanisms of emergency projects of science foundations in the United States,Germany,and United Kindom,revealing the key mechanisms that enable these countries to rapidly mobilize scientific resources,effectively allocate funds,and foster high-quality research outcomes in the face of major global or domestic emergencies.On this basis,suggestions to optimize the management mechanism of emergency projects have been proposed in conjunction with the current situation and deficiencies of emergency project management for Science foundation in China.These include opening up a bottom-up channel for researchers to select topics,relaxing application requirements,speeding up the selection process,constructing a more detailed funding system,improving the assessment mechanism for emergency projects,and striking a balance between research efficiency and innovative results.