大客流场景下地铁电扶梯故障的乘客疏散

Passenger evacuation during subway escalator malfunction under mass passenger flow

地铁车站客流量大、疏散路线复杂、地下空间有限,一旦发生突发事件而乘客未得到及时疏导,易造成人员恐慌,引发严重安全事故和财产损失.因此,基于安全疏散的地铁车站客流调控,对确保乘客安全出行,维持地铁系统运营具有重要作用.基于社会力模型,以深圳地铁1号线车公庙站为例,运用仿真软件AnyLogic建立地铁车站大客流场景下的疏散模型,从微观角度模拟分析了叠加电扶梯故障突发事件对客流疏散的影响,对比实际调查的高峰期站台容纳量数据,突出大客流场景研究的重要性.通过仿真实验证明突发事件发生时平均分配疏散客流措施效果更佳,将原目的地为拥挤处电扶梯的乘客引导至其他电扶梯虽然会造成部分乘客走行距离的增加,但疏散速率会提升,高峰时期能够提升46.51%,大客流场景下能够提升93.26%.在大客流疏散背景下,叠加不同位置的电扶梯故障假设情景,分类讨论具体的客流平均分配方案,通过仿真实验定量确定各情景下的最佳客流分配方案,为地铁运营部门制定疏散预案提供参考.

Subway stations are characterized by mass passenger flow,complex evacuation routes and limited underground space.Failure to evacuate passengers in a timely manner during emergency situations may lead to panic,serious safety accidents and property loss.Therefore,subway station passenger flow control based on safety evacuation plays a crucial role in ensuring the safe travel of passengers and maintaining the efficient operation of the subway system. Based on the social force model, this research studies the Chegongmiao station of Shenzhen Metro Line 1 as an example, and establishes an evacuation model under mass passenger flow in subway stations through a simulation software AnyLogic. The impact of escalator malfunction accidents under mass passenger flow evacuation is analyzed in a microcosmic perspective, and compared with real world platform capacity in peak period, which highlighting the significance of studying mass passenger flow. Simulation results indicate that average distribution of passenger flow during accidents is more effective. Although guiding passengers who aim at the crowded escalator to other escalators may increase walking distance, it improves evacuation velocity, which can be 46. 51% in peak period and 93. 26% under mass passenger flow. Then, under mass passenger flow, considering various hypothetical scenarios of escalator malfunctions at different locations, a systematic discussion is conducted to classify and analyze specific passenger flow distribution plans. Through quantitative determination in simulation, the optimal passenger flow distribution plan is identified for each scenario, providing reference for the metro operating departments to formulate evacuation plans.