護理人員醫療廢棄物分類的知識、態度、行為調查

Investigation of nurses’knowledge,attitudes and practices related to hospital medical waste classification

目的瞭解澳門地區某醫院護理人員對醫療廢棄物處理分類的知識、態度、行為及其相關因素。方法以臨床護理人員為母群體,採以分層隨機抽樣法,並以自編結構式問卷進行醫療廢物處理分類的知識、態度及行為調查。結果本調查共納入325人,護理人員在醫療廢棄物分類知識、態度及行為量表均有較高得分。醫療廢棄物分類知識總分與態度總分之間,以及醫療廢棄物態度總分和行為總分之間,均存在顯著水平的正相關(P<0.01)。研究對象的背景變項及醫療廢棄物分類態度能有效預測其醫療廢棄物行為,並可解釋其總變異量的26.1%,其中以“醫療廢棄物分類態度”影響最大(P<0.01)。結論護理人員對醫療廢棄物分類知識、態度及行為均有較好水平。醫療廢棄物分類知識越好,其態度也越好;醫療廢棄物分類態度越好,其行為越佳。醫療廢棄物分類的態度是影響其行為的主要因素。醫院應加強醫療廢棄物分類相關培訓或講座,特別需以改善護理人員的醫療廢物分類態度為首要目標。

Objective To assess the current status of knowledge,attitudes,practices and related factors related to medical waste classification among nurses at a hospital in Macao region.Methods The participants in this study were nurses who were enrolled in stratified random sampling.Self-developed and structured questionnaires assessing participants’knowledge,attitudes,practices and related factors concerning medical waste classification were used.Results A total of 325 patients were recruited.The participants received a high score in the medical waste classification knowledge survey,as well as in the attitude and practices survey.There were significant positive correlations between participants'knowledge and attitudes toward medical waste classification and between their knowledge and their attitudes and practices(P<0.01).The background variables and attitudes toward medical waste classification of the participants could predict their medical waste practices and explained 26.1%of the total variation,among which"medical waste classification attitude"had the greatest impact(P<0.01).Conclusion The participants had an insufficient level of knowledge of medical waste.classification,as well as attitudes and practices.The greater their knowledge about medical waste classification is,the better their attitude toward medical waste classification,and the better their attitude toward medical waste classification is,the better their medical waste classification practices.An attitude toward medical waste classification was the main factor impacting medical waste classification practices.Hence,education and training are proposed to improve medical waste classification among nursing staff,especially for improving their attitudes toward medical waste classification.