从中西方文明差异看中华文明的内在统一性

Examining the Internal Unity of Chinese Civilization from the Differences between Chinese and Western Civilizations

中西方对待文明冲突的观念差异,决定了中西方文明的不同历史走向。西方文明史上虽然有过古希腊文明的一度兴盛和罗马帝国时代的短暂统一,但政治分裂、族群分治、宗教与世俗对抗成为历史常态。地理扩张伴随着文明中断,族群冲突无法弥合,政治共同体仅限于局部,宗教与世俗相互排斥,体现了西方文明“分”的逻辑。而中华文明作为传承数千年且从未断流的唯一文明形态,因其内在统一性而体现出“合”的逻辑。因秉持“国土不可分、国家不可乱、民族不可散、文明不可断”的共同信念,中华文明不仅塑造了“天下一家”的国家共同体,而且形成了“华夷无外”的民族共同体、“大一统”的政治共同体、“多元一体”的文化共同体。中华文明因其内在统一性,在维护中华民族地理归属感与国家认同意识的同时,积淀了“华夷一统”的民族共同体观念与“和为贵”的价值准则;“九州共贯、多元一体”的大一统传统与兼收并蓄的精神气质,涵养了中华文明“家国天下”的集体主义伦理。

The differences between Chinese and Western ideas on the conflict of civilizations determine the different historical trends of Chinese and Western civilizations.In the history of Western civilization,although there was once the prosperity of ancient Greek civilization and the short-term unification of the Roman Empire,the historical norm of political division,ethnic division,religious and secular confrontation,geographical expansion is accompanied by the interruption of civilization,ethnic conflicts cannot be bridged,political communities are limited to local areas,and religion and secularity are mutually exclusive,reflects the logic of“division”of Western civilization.As the only civilization form that has been inherited for thousands of years and has never stopped flowing,Chinese civilization embodies the logic of“integration”because of its natural internal unity.Adhering to the common belief that“the land cannot be divided,the country cannot be chaotic,the nation cannot be dispersed,and the civilization cannot be broken”,Chinese civilization has not only shaped the national community of“one family under the world”,but also formed the national community of“Hua Yi Wu Wai”,the political community of“great unification”,and the cultural community of“pluralistic integration”.Because of its inherent unity,Chinese civilization,while maintaining the sense of geographical belonging and national identity of the Chinese nation,has accumulated the concept of national community of“Hua Yi unification”and the value criterion of“harmony is precious”;the great unification tradition of“Kyushu Coherence,Pluralistic Integration”and the eclectic spiritual temperament have cultivated the collectivism ethics of“home,country and world”of Chinese civilization.