马克思劳动现代性重建的哲学阐释

Philosophical Interpretation of Marx’s Reconstruction of Labor Modernity

由资本创造的雇佣劳动形式是开启现代性最核心最基础的物质力量。马克思秉持在批判“旧世界”中发现“新世界”的原则,在资本现代性解剖中发现雇佣劳动导致主体性“出离”,论证了劳动现代性重建的生存本体论、生产实践论和历史辩证法。马克思把劳动理解为人的存在方式,超越了黑格尔对劳动的抽象理解,批判了费尔巴哈把劳动理解为理论活动,其以“感性活动”为核心,打通了劳动、实践和生产概念,阐明了劳动现代性重建的生存本体论。马克思以劳动者主体地位的实现为目的,把资本与劳动的关系作为开启现代性的钥匙,以生产实践的革命性变革为基础,在劳动发展史中找到了颠覆资本现代性和重建劳动现代性的途径。马克思劳动现代性重建的历史辩证法包括宏观叙事和微观叙事相结合的历史唯物主义方法、人体解剖和猴体解剖相结合的政治经济学方法、理想范畴和现实范畴相结合的科学社会主义方法。新时代秉持马克思劳动现代性重建思想,有利于推进劳动创造美好生活的中国式现代化建设。

understanding of labor,criticizes Feuerbach’s understanding of labor as a theoretical activity,takes perceptual activity as the core,breaks through the concepts of labor,practice and production,and expounds the existence ontology of the reconstruction of labor modernity.Aiming at the realization of the subject status of workers,Marx regarded the relationship between capital and labor as the key to opening modernity.Based on the revolutionary change of production practice,Marx found the way to subvert capital modernity and rebuild labor modernity in the history of labor development.The historical dialectics of Marx’s reconstruction of labor modernity include the historical materialism method which combines macro narrative and micro narrative,the political economy method which combines human anatomy and monkey anatomy,and the scientific socialism method which combines ideal category and reality category.In the new era,adhering to Marx’s thought of rebuilding labor modernity is conducive to promoting the Chinese-style modernization construction in which labor creates a better life.