研究生博硕比对区域创新的影响--兼论我国博士研究生的适度规模

The Impact of the Ratio of Doctoral to Master’s Students on Regional Innovation:An Analysis of the Appropriate Scale of Doctoral Students in China

博士和硕士研究生对区域创新的影响方式不同,因此需确定合理的博硕比以促进区域创新发展。使用2005—2020年省级面板数据,统计了国家和地区层面研究生博硕比和区域创新能力的基本情况,并从全国和区域两个层面检验了研究生博硕比对区域创新的门槛效应,随后根据博硕比的门槛最优区间计算出博士研究生的适度规模。研究发现,博硕比对区域创新的影响存在门槛效应,且该影响从东部到西部逐步减小;三大地区中,中西部地区的博士研究生实际规模与适度规模相比较低。鉴于此,在研究生招生时要适度平衡博士和硕士生的招生规模,并根据地区实际情况确定二者间的比例;同时博士研究生招生应适度放权,并设立监督机构,确保试点省份审批的博士学位授权点的质量。

The influence of doctoral students and master’s students on regional innovation is different,so it is necessary to determine a reasonable doctoral-master’s ratio to promote the development of regional innovation.Using the provincial panel data from 2005 to 2020,this study calculated the ratio of doctoral to master’s students and regional innovation ability at the national and regional levels,and tested the threshold effect of the ratio of doctoral to master’s students on regional innovation at the national and regional levels,and then calculated the appropriate scale of doctoral students according to the threshold optimal interval of the ratio.It was found that the ratio of doctoral to master’s students showed a threshold effect on regional innovation,and the effect decreases from the eastern to the central to the western regions.Among the three regions,the actual scale of doctoral students in the central and western regions was relatively lower than the moderate scale.Therefore,it is necessary to properly balance the enrollment scale of doctoral students and master’s students,and determine the proportion between them according to the actual situation of the region;at the same time,doctoral student enrollment should be appropriately decentralized,and supervision bodies should be set up to ensure the quality of doctoral degree programs approved by pilot provinces.