AMAP评估报告解读:气候变化对北极地区持久性有机污染物和新污染物的影响

Interpretation of AMAP Assessment Reports:impacts of climate

气候变化显著影响北极地区的海陆环境,进而影响北极地区典型污染物的来源、传输与环境归趋。北极监测与评估计划(AMAP)近期发布的AMAP 2020评估报告《北极地区持久性有机污染物(POPs)和新污染物(CEACs):气候变化的影响》指出:(1)气候变暖导致北极冰冻圈内长期储存的污染物重新释放和再分配,北极地区随人类活动加剧产生新污染物排放;(2)气候变暖增强了POPs长距离迁移潜力,海洋“生物泵”过程的强化增加了POPs在深海水域的沉积存储;(3)气候变化产生自然环境变化与生物生态变化,进而影响北极食物网的污染物赋存状态和当地居民的暴露水平。该评估报告显示,气候变化对POPs和CEACs的影响十分复杂,相关机制仍有待深入研究。未来需要将更多具有POPs性质的化学品纳入监管,继续开展国家监测项目,加强跨学科交流与活动以及政府、学校、北极本地居民间的合作。

Climate change significantly affects the oceanic and terrestrial environment in the Arctic,and thus is directly and indirectly impacting the sources,transport pathways,and fate of persistent organic pollutants(POPs)and chemicals of emerging Arctic concern(CEACs).The Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program(AMAP)recently released the report“AMAP Assessment 2020:POPs and Chemicals of Emerging Arctic Con⁃cern(CEACs):Influence of Climate Change”,which pointed out that climate warming induces the release of previously accumulated POPs from permafrost,snow and ice melt in the Arctic and the redistribution of POPs among water,sediments,snow,and air.Meanwhile,raising human activities in the Arctic under the impact of warming may result in new pollution emission sources.Global warming enhances the long-range atmospheric transport(LRAT)potential of semi-volatile POPs;while the process of“biological pump”would also be strengthened by climate change,increasing the sequestration of POPs in deep ocean and sediment.Additionally,the Arctic environment has low resilience and is sensitive to some external environmental influences due to homo⁃geneous environmental elements and ecological scenarios.Consequently,climate change led to the changes of physical environment and ecology,which,in turn is influencing the exposure to,and potentially the effects of these contaminants on Arctic wildlife and other biota,as well as people.The assessment report revealed the high complexity of influence on POPs and CEACs in the Arctic by climate change.In the future studies,more chemi⁃cals with POPs properties need to be included in the long-term monitoring programme.Interdisciplinary efforts and cooperation among government,college,and Arctic communities needed to be strengthened.