不同天气条件下高山滑雪冰状雪赛道制作方法

Preparation of icy piste for alpine skiing under different weather conditions

为攻克冬奥会等顶级赛事高山滑雪项目赛道制作技术,在黑龙江省亚布力体育训练基地、张家口密苑云顶乐园和北京延庆国家高山滑雪中心开展了多次冰状雪赛道制作试验,发现-12℃晴空天气条件最适宜开展赛道制作,最优方案为-15~-10℃(气温)/6~9 bar(注水压力)/4~8 s(注水时长)。基于试验数据,建立了冰状雪赛道合格标准,以及国际上第一个冰状雪赛道制作的天气-注水定量模型,该模型可应用于大陆性气候条件下高山赛事并有潜力推广至其他冷干地区。此外,研究发现人造雪含水量和微观结构对赛道质量有显著影响,含水量越低、雪颗粒越小、雪形态越均一,赛道稳定性和硬度越大。研究成果弥补了国内有关冰雪体育保障技术的空白,可为我国承担大型冰雪赛事提供智力支撑。

To surmount the technical obstacles in producing alpine skiing pistes for high-level events such as the Winter Olympic,this study carried out various snow piste production experiments at the Heilongjiang Yabuli Sports Training Base,the Genting Resort Secret Garden,and the National Alpine Ski Center in Yanqing.The study discovered that a cloudless sky with a temperature of-12℃is the ideal condition for icy piste production.The optimal scheme is-15~-10℃(temperature)/6~9 bar(water injection pressure)/4~8 s(water injection dura⁃tion).Based on experimental data,this study established the qualification standards for icy piste and the first in⁃ternational weather-water injection quantitative model for icy piste production.The model has the capability of being applied to alpine events in continental climate conditions and also has the potential to be expanded to other cold and dry regions.Furthermore,we discovered that the quality of the track is significantly influenced by the water content and microstructure of artificial snow.The lower the water content,the smaller the snow particles become,leading to a more uniform snow morphology and improved stability and track hardness.This achieve⁃ment fills the gap in domestic ice and snow sports support technology and can provide intellectual support for China to undertake large-scale ice and snow events.