葛兰西与福柯:两种治理观的比较

Antonio Gramsci and Michel Foucault Gramsci and Michel Foucault:A Comparison of Two Governance Perspectives

关于治理,20世纪上半叶的意大利社会主义革命家葛兰西与当代法国哲学家福柯之间内在地存在一种理论上的对话关系。前者总体上坚持一种马克思主义框架下的治理理论,后者倡导一种新自由主义框架下的治理理论。虽然同是基于权力分析来探讨治理问题,但葛兰西采取的是文化霸权的视角,而福柯采取的是生命权力的视角。对于治理的本质规定、权力基础、历史主体、未来图景等问题,他们的看法存在许多异同之处,从中我们可以看到治理问题本身所具有的丰富内涵和多元面向,这对于我们进一步提高对治理问题的认识、进而解决治理过程中存在的现实问题具有重要意义。

In the realm of governance,there exists an intrinsic theoretical dialogue between the Italian socialist revolu-tionary Antonio Gramsci from the first half of the 20th century and the contemporary French philosopher Michel Foucault.The former is generally a Marxist theory of governance,and the latter advocates a neoliberalism framework of governance theory.While both approaches are based on analysis of power,Antonio Gramsci takes a perspective from cultural hegemony,while Michel Foucault takes a perspective within bio-power.There are many similarities and differences in their views on the essence of governance,the power base of governance,the historical subject,and the future prospect of governance,from which we can find the rich connotations and multiple orientations of the governance problem.It is of great significance for us to further improve our understanding of governance problems and overcome the specific difficulties existing in governance practice.