数字技术进步如何影响我国就业技能结构--基于省级面板数据的研究

How Digital Technology Progress Affects the Structure of Employment Skills in China Digital Technology Progress Affects the Structure of Employment Skills in China:A Study Based on Provincial Panel Data

本文通过构建2010—2020年省级面板数据,针对数字技术进步与我国就业技能结构之间的关系展开实证研究,分析了消费互联网和工业互联网两类技术对就业技能结构的影响及其作用机制。研究结果表明:(1)从全国层面来看,消费互联网和工业互联网发展均提升中高技能就业人数占比,降低低技能就业人数占比,数字技术进步总体上促进了我国就业技能结构升级。(2)从影响程度来看,工业互联网发展对就业结构升级的促进作用明显高于消费互联网。(3)从影响方式来看,工业互联网主要通过提升高技能劳动者相对薪资水平促进就业结构升级;而消费互联网在提升高技能溢价的同时也增加中等技能劳动者的相对薪资水平,同时通过提升地区生活成本挤出低技能劳动力。(4)从影响范围来看,消费互联网发展推动就业技能结构升级的影响范围更广,而工业互联网发展的就业技能结构升级作用则集中于中、西部地区。结论的政策含义是,应当持续推进数字技术进步,重视工业互联网技术对就业结构升级的基础作用,同时充分发挥消费互联网的岗位创造作用,各地区在发展数字经济时应注意不同类型数字技术对地区人力资本水平提升效果上的差异,同时加强区域间数字经济一体化建设。

This article conducts empirical research on the relationship between digital technology progress and the em-ployment skill structure in China by constructing provincial panel data from 2010 to 2020.It analyzes the impact and mechanism of Consumer Internet and Industrial Internet technologies on the employment skill structure,respectively.The research results indicate that:(1)From a national perspective,the development of Consumer Internet and Indus-trial Internet has both increased the proportion of medium to high-skilled employment and reduced the proportion of low-skilled employment.Overall,the advancement of digital technology has promoted the upgrading of China's employment skill structure.(2)From the perspective of impact,the development of the industrial internet has a sig-nificantly higher promoting effect on the upgrading of employment structure than the Consumer Internet.(3)From the perspective of impact mode,the industrial internet mainly promotes the upgrading of employment structure by in-creasing the relative salary level of highly skilled workers.The consumption of the Internet not only increases the pre-mium for high skills;but also increases the relative salary level of medium-skilled workers.At the same time,it squeezes out low-skilled labor by increasing the cost of living in the region.(4)From the perspective of impact scope,the development of the Consumer Internet has a broader impact on the upgrading of employment skill struc-ture,while the upgrading effect of industrial internet development on employment skill structure is concentrated in the central and western regions.The policy implication of the conclusion is that we should continue to promote the progress of digital technology,attach importance to the fundamental role of Industrial Internet technology in upgrad-ing the employment structure,and fully leverage the role of Consumer Internet in job creation.When developing the digital economy,regions should pay attention to the differences in the effectiveness of different types of digital tech-nology in improving regional human capital levels,and strengthening the integration of digital economy among re-gions.