泡核桃林昆虫群落结构及其摄食功能研究

Community Structure and Feeding Function of Insects in Juglans sigillata Forest

采用灯诱法,于2021年4月上旬至6月中旬对泡核桃林昆虫群落结构及其摄食功能进行研究。共诱捕到昆虫2968头,隶属13目63科172属187种,其中74种取食植物叶片,29种刺吸植物汁液,22种捕食其他昆虫,17种取食植物花、芽、果,10种取食腐烂物,12种钻蛀植物茎干,8种为地下昆虫,5种寄生其他昆虫,4种取食植物花蜜,3种取食苔藓,3种传授植物花粉,3种取食腐木,2种取食粪,隶属13个营养生态位集团。对泡核桃造成严重危害的昆虫有核桃星尺蛾、漫绿刺蛾、星天牛、梗天牛、绿凹缘花金龟、暗异花金龟。个体数量以鳞翅目最多,鞘翅目次之,螳螂目最少;物种数以鞘翅目最多,鳞翅目次之,螳螂目最少。核桃星尺蛾、粗狭肋鳃金龟、华锐紅蝽、黑翅土白蚁为优势物种。昆虫群落组成与泡核桃林物候关系密切,在泡核桃开花、结果的高峰期,昆虫群落呈较高的多样性、均匀度分布格局。在一定程度上,捕食与寄生昆虫控制了林内害虫;食粪与腐烂物、食腐木与苔藓昆虫分解了林内有机物,促进了生态系统的物质循环。

The trapping light method was used to research community structure and feeding function of insect in the Juglans sigillata forest.A total of 2968 insects were captured,belonging to 187 species,172 genera,63 families and 13 orders,among which,13 trophic groups were recorded as details:74 species were leaf-feeding,29 species were juice-sucking,22 species were predators,17 species were blossom&bud&fruit-feeding,10 species were decay-feeding,12 species were stem-drillers,8 species were underground,5 species were parasites,4 species were nectar-feeding,3 species were moss-feeding,3 species were pollinators,3 species were rottenwood-feeding,and 2 species were feces-feeding.The most serious damage to J.sigillata was caused by Ophthalmodes albosignaria juglandaria,Latoia ostia,Anoplophora chinensis,Arhopalus rustieus,Dicranobia potanini and Thaumastopeus pullus.The number of individuals was highest in Lepidoptera,followed by Coleoptera,and lowest in Mantodea;the number of species was highest in Coleoptera,followed by Lepidoptera,and lowest in Mantodea.Ophthalmodes albosignaria juglandaria,Holotrichia scrobiculata,Euscopus chinensis,Odontotermes formosanus were the dominant species.There was a close relationship between the composition of insect community and the phenological stages of J.sigillata.During the peak in flower and fruit abundance,the parameter of species diversity and evenness increased.To some extent,predators and parasites insects controlled pests,while feces-feeding,decay-feeding,rottenwood-feeding and moss-feeding decomposed organism and promoted material cycle of the ecological system in the J.sigillata forest.