北京动物园植物应用调查与分析

Investigation and Analysis of Plant Application in Beijing Zoo

以北京动物园的植物为调查对象,采用全面踏查和样方法相结合的方法,调查和分析植物多样性。结果表明,北京动物园共有植物218种,隶属68科、159属,优势科有蔷薇科、禾本科、豆科、木犀科等8科。乔灌草的比例为1.08∶1.00∶0.79,常绿植物与落叶植物的比例为1∶4.3,乡土植物与外来植物的构成比例接近于1∶1。北京动物园植物群落多样性的各项指标均处于较高水平。Simpson指数为0.642~0.951,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为0.774~1.525,Pielou均匀度指数为0.420~0.797。植物群落中低频度物种数量明显多于高频度物种数量。物种多样性的变化趋势与物种丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数的变化趋势基本一致。植物多样性的变化受人工种植所形成优势种的影响与干扰。

The plant diversity of Beijing Zoo was investigated by means of comprehensive survey and sampling method.The results showed that there were 218 plant species in Beijing Zoo,belonging to 159 genera and 68 families,with 8 dominant families,including Rosaceae,Gramineae,Leguminosae and Oleaceae.The ratio of arbor,shrub and herb was 1.08∶1.00∶0.79,the ratio of evergreen plants to deciduous plants was 1∶4.3,and the ratio of native plants to exotic plants was close to 1∶1.The various indicators of plant community diversity in Beijing Zoo were at a high level.Simpson diversity index was 0.642-0.951,Shannon-Wiener diversity index was 0.774-1.525,Pielou evenness index was 0.420-0.797.There were more low-frequency species than high-frequency species in the community.The variation trend ofαdiversity was consistent with that of species richness index and evenness index.The change of plant diversity was influenced and disturbed by the dominant species induced by artificial cultivation.