矿物浮选吸附平衡模型构建与应用:精准解析矿物表面离子/药剂特征吸附

Construction and Application of Mineral Flotation Adsorption Equilibrium Model:Accurately Analyze Ions/Reagents Adsorption Behavior on Mineral Surface

矿物浮选吸附平衡模型是准确描述矿物浮选过程中所涉及的矿物表面离子/药剂吸附平衡的数学模型,首次实现了矿物表面位点与浮选药剂吸附作用亲和性的量化解析。传统浮选理论对矿物表面作用位点缺乏科学描述,难以阐明浮选药剂的吸附作用能力及平衡状态,新浮选药剂体系开发多以“试错法”“复配法”等经验性方法为主。药剂选择性吸附作为浮选作业的核心机制,若不能准确预测其在各矿物表面的吸附行为,将严重限制浮选工艺智能化控制的发展。本文详细论述了矿物浮选吸附平衡模型的构建原理,以赤铁矿-石英和一水硬铝石-高岭石两个浮选体系为例,通过对少量实验数据的拟合计算,解析出矿物表面活性位点密度Ns、加/去质子反应常数K_(t1)/K_(t2)、药剂吸附常数Kf等矿物浮选特征常数。将解析的矿物浮选特征常数代入到平衡模型中,预测出各条件下矿物表面电性、离子及浮选药剂的吸附量,通过零电点、实验及测试等方法验证了可靠性,形成了矿物浮选过程预测系统的内核算法。该算法对各条件下每种矿物药剂吸附的初步准确预测,可在一定程度上反映其可浮性趋势,有助于缩短浮选工艺开发周期,对矿物表面药剂吸附机理研究、浮选药剂分子设计、浮选工艺流程优化及智能控制等具有重要意义。

The mineral flotation adsorption equilibrium model is a mathematical model to accurately describe ions/reagents adsorption equilibrium involved in mineral flotation.It is the first time to realize quantitative affinity analysis between mineral surface sites and flotation reagents.There is a lack of scientific explanation for the traditional flotation theory on the surface-active sites,and the adsorption capacity and equilibrium state of flotation reagents are also difficult to clarify,making new reagent design mainly based on empirical methods such as trial-and-error method and compound method.Besides,if selective adsorption,as the core mechanism of flotation,cannot be precisely predicted,the development of intelligent control on flotation process will be seriously limited.This study discussed in detail the construction principle of the mineral flotation adsorption equilibrium model,taking two flotation systems of hematite-quartz and diaspore-kaolinite as examples.The constants containing site density Ns,protonation/deprotonation equilibrium constants K_(t1)/K_(t2),and reagent adsorption constant Kf can be deduced and verified successfully.Based on these constants,mineral surface electricity and ions/reagents adsorption behavior can be forecasted.Furthermore,a kind of kernel algorithm about the mineral flotation prediction system was created through Zeta potential tests and some other verification methods.Using this algorithm,the preliminary and accurate prediction of reagent adsorption on each mineral surface at different conditions can reflect its floatability trend to a certain extent,which helps to shorten the flotation technology development cycle.It is also of great significance in the study of mineral surface reagent adsorption mechanisms,flotation reagent molecular design,and flotation process optimization and intelligent control.