妊娠期糖尿病对子代近期及远期影响的研究进展

Research Progress in Short-term and Long-term Effects of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Offspring

妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)是一种以糖代谢异常为主要临床表现的妊娠并发症,是妊娠期间最常见的并发症之一。该病目前临床治疗以孕期干预母体血糖代谢为主,但宫内高糖水平对胎儿的影响仍不可避免。随着近年研究对“胎源性疾病”概念的进一步认知发现,GDM不仅可诱发巨大儿、胎儿畸形等不良妊娠结局,还可能对新生儿和子代发育造成一定程度的影响,增加子代代谢系统疾病、心血管疾病等的患病风险,但其机制仍需进一步研究。因此基于GDM对母儿,尤其是对胎儿造成的严重并发症,深入了解疾病的发病机制尤为重要。

Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is one of the most common complications of pregnancy with abnormal glucose metabolism as the main clinical manifestation.The current clinical treatment of this disease is mainly to interfere with maternal blood glucose metabolism during pregnancy,but the influence of high intrauterine sugar level on the fetus is still inevitable.With the recent recognition of the concept of"fetal-derived diseases",GDM not only can induce macrosomia,fetal malformations and other adverse pregnancy outcomes,but also may affect the development of the newborns and offsprings to a certain extent,increasing the risk of metabolic system diseases,cardiovascular diseases and other diseases of the offspring,but its mechanism still needs further studies.Therefore,based on the serious complications caused by GDM to the mother and child,especially to the fetus,it is particularly important to deeply understand the pathogenesis of the disease.