阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停合并中枢神经系统病变机制与治疗的研究进展

Research Progress in Mechanism and Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Associated with Central Nervous System Disease

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)因气道部分或完全塌陷而损害全身多个系统。中枢神经系统(CNS)损伤可导致患者认知功能障碍、记忆力减退等,目前关于CNS损伤机制的研究尚处于探索阶段,并未形成系统理论。CNS损伤的主要发病机制包括间歇性低氧和睡眠片段化。间歇性低氧可通过循环炎症因子、小胶质细胞及星形胶质细胞活化、直接损伤等促进CNS炎症的发生发展;睡眠片段化则主要通过阻碍神经系统废物代谢、激活小胶质细胞等方式损伤神经细胞。因此,未来深入研究OSA合并CNS的发病机制及治疗进展,可以为疾病的治疗提供新思路。

Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)damages multiple systems throughout the body due to partial or complete collapse of the airway.Central nervous system(CNS)injury can lead to cognitive dysfunction and memory loss in the patients.At present,the research on the mechanism of CNS injury is still in the exploratory stage,and no system theory has been formed.The primary pathogenesis of CNS injury includes intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation.Intermittent hypoxia can promote the development of CNS inflammation through circulating inflammatory factors,microglia and astrocyte activation,and direct damage;sleep fragmentation can damage nerve cells mainly by hindering the metabolism of nervous system waste and activating microglia.Therefore,in-depth research in the pathogenesis and treatment progress of OSA with CNS can provide new ideas for the treatment of the diseases.