2018—2022年北京市房山区食源性腹泻监测病例弯曲菌感染情况分析

Analysis of Campylobacter in surveillance cases of foodborne diarrhea in Fangshan district of Beijing, 2018—2022

目的 了解2018—2022年北京市房山区食源性腹泻监测病例中弯曲菌流行特征及变化趋势,为防控弯曲菌感染提供依据。方法 收集房山区哨点医院内就诊的符合食源性疾病病例定义的患者信息和粪便样本,粪便样本进行弯曲菌检测,病例信息及检测结果均录入“全民健康保障信息化工程食品安全风险评估业务应用平台”,对监测数据进行描述性分析,计数资料采用率和构成比进行描述。计数资料组间比较采用χ^(2)检验。结果 腹泻病例病原学监测1 564例,检出弯曲菌阳性菌株165株,阳性率为10.55%,其中空肠弯曲菌138株(83.64%),结肠弯曲菌27株(16.36%);男性较女性弯曲菌检出率高,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.477,P=0.013),不同月份弯曲菌检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=20.372,P=0.040)不同年份弯曲菌检出率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.474,P=0.346),不同季度弯曲菌检出率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.250,P=0.236);可疑食品种类主要为肉及其肉制品。结论 弯曲菌为2018—2022年房山区散发腹泻病例常见致病菌,应进一步加强食品安全风险监测与健康宣教,降低弯曲菌感染。

Objective To understand the characteristics and trends of Campylobacter in foodborne diarrhea surveillance cases in Fangshan district, Beijing, from 2018 to 2022, and provide evidence for Campylobacter control.Methods According to the definition of foodborne diarrhea case, the stool specimens of the diarrhea patients were collected at the sentinel hospitals for Campylobacter testing, and the patient information was entered into the “Food safety risk assessment business application platform of national health insurance information project”Results From 2018 to 2022, a total of 1 564 stool specimens of diarrhoea patients were collected, and 165 positive strains of Campylobacter were detected, with a positive rate of 10.55%, 138 positive strains were Campylobacter Jejuni(83.64%), while 27 positive strains were Campylobacter Coli(16.36%);The detection rate of Campylobacter in different gender was statistically significant(χ^(2)=6.477,P=0.013). The detection rate of Campylobacter in different months was statistically significant(χ^(2)=20.372,P=0.040). The detection rate of Campylobacter in different years was no statistically significant(χ^(2)=4.474,P=0.346). The detection rate of Campylobacter in different seasons was no statistically significant(χ^(2)=4.250,P=0.236). The main types of suspicious food were meat and meat products.Conclusions Campylobacter was the common pathogenic bacteria in sporadic cases of diarrhea in Fangshan district from 2018 to 2022. It is necessary to strengthen the food safety risk monitoring and health education to reduce the risk of Campylobacter infection.