监察委员会调查公民通信的合宪性证立

The Constitutionality Justification of the Supervisory Committee Investigating Citizens’Correspondence

基于《监察法》与《宪法》之间法体系的融贯与衔接,监察委员会在行使常规性调查和采取技术调查措施时影响公民通信权的规定,需要进行合宪性证成。《宪法》第40条第2句的公民通信权规定没有在限制理由和限制主体中明确列明“因反腐败调查取证的需要”和“监察机关”,但不能据此认为《监察法》有合宪性疑虑。《宪法》第40条形成了保障性条款与限制性条款的双层规范结构,以及对公民通信权限制的三重限制体系。据此,监察机关调查公民通信的行为,可具体分解为影响公民非通信内容、通信内容、全部中断通信自由等情况,应纳入第1句的一般法律保留、第2句内的特别法律保留,以及第2句外的宪法续造,并结合比例原则完成合宪性证立。宪法内在包含由其他机关协助监察委员会调查通信的意涵,实践中应注意发挥协助机制的监督与执行功能。

Based on the integration and connection of the legal system between the supervision law and the Constitution,it is necessary to prove the Constitutionality of the provisions that affect citizens’right to communication when the supervision committee exercises its routine investigation power and takes technical investigation measures.The second sentence of Article 40 of the Constitution does not clearly specify the need for anti-corruption investigation and evidence collection and the supervisory organ in the reasons and subjects of restrictions,but it cannot be considered that the Supervision Law has constitutional doubts.Article 40 of the Constitution has become a two-tier normative structure of safeguard clauses and restrictive clauses,and a three-tier restrictive system of restricting citizens’communication rights.Accordingly,the behavior of the supervisory organ in investigating citizens’correspondence can be specifically decomposed into such situations as affecting citizens’non-communication content,completely interrupting their freedom of communication,and investigating citizens’communication content,which is classified into the simple legal reservation in the first sentence,the continuation of the Constitution outside the second sentence,and the special legal reservation in the second sentence for pursuing criminal offences,and the Constitutionality is completed by applying the principle of proportionality.The Constitution contains the implication that other organs should assist the supervisory committee in investigating communications.In practice,attention should be paid to giving full play to the supervisory and executive functions of the assistance mechanism.