现代家庭教育知识生产:从原理到实践的体系

Knowledge Production for Modern Family Education:A System from Principles to Practice

现代家庭教育知识体系是历史的和社会建构的。当前,家庭教育呈现出家庭对儿童的综合性影响快速增大,而父母教养的直接作用相对减弱的“二元悖论”特征,对传统理论将家庭教育简单视为父母教养的理念提出了新的挑战。在现代学科知识生产视角下,作为多门学科边界互涉、具有交叉学科特质的家庭教育学科,其知识体系具有科学理论与实践理论的双重属性,既需要在学理层面加强家庭教育知识体系的科学性建设,也需要在实践层面突出有效指导家庭教育实践的功能性建设。学理层面,突破以父母有目的的教养为主体的传统家庭教育理论,建立“家庭组织制度、家庭生活过程、父母教养实践”综合影响的嵌套结构知识体系;实践层面,在解释性理论支撑下,引入价值因素,构建以学理为支撑的多学科融合操作性知识体系,通过具体原则和行为规范帮助实践主体评价和反思自身行为。由此,现代家庭的结构、生活和内外部关系构成了“现代家庭教育大网”。这是一个以心理学、社会学为“双核心”多学科交叉知识描绘的图景,是一个以科学支撑和价值介入为基础,旨在为实践服务的知识体系。

The knowledge system for modern family education is historical and socially-constructed.At present,family education features a"dual paradox":The family has a rapidly-increasing comprehensive effect on children,while parenting has a relatively weakened direct effect.This poses a new challenge to the traditional idea that family education is simply viewed as parenting.From the perspective of knowledge production in modern disciplines,the discipline of family education involves the boundaries of multiple disciplines and has interdisciplinary features,and its knowledge system has attributes of both scientific theories and practice-based theories.At the theoretical level,we need to build a more scientific knowledge system for family education;at the practical level,we need to highlight functional construction that effectively guides the practice of family education.Academically,we need to break through the parenting-centered traditional theory of family education,and establish a structural knowledge system integrating the influence of"family institution,the process of family life,and parenting practice";at the practical level,we need to introduce value-related factors with the support of explanatory theories to build an academically-supported,interdisciplinary,and operable knowledge system,and help practitioners evaluate and reflect their behavior according to specific principles and norms of conduct.Thus,the structure,life and internal and external relationships in a modern family constitute the"modern family education network,"which is a picture of interdisciplinary knowledge focusing on both psychology and sociology,and a practice-serving knowledge system based on scientific support and value intervention.