康德的大学观及其对现代大学的影响

Kant's View of Universities and Its Influence on Modern Universities

康德是近代哲学的巨擘,其所处时代正值现代大学酝酿和形成之际。在长期的大学从教生涯中,康德从自己的哲学理念出发,形成了具有鲜明时代特征的大学观:他主张大学教育的目的在于发展人的理性,培养具有哲学思维的人;他对大学教学提出了自己独到的见解,如发展理性、哲学地思考、探究式教学等,使他成为现代大学教学改革的先驱;康德在大学任教41年,边教学边著述,完美体现了现代大学教学与研究相统一的理念;康德重视哲学及大学哲学系的价值,推动了哲学系由边缘走向中心的转变,并引领了现代科学的发展;康德较早提出和阐述了现代大学学术自由的原则,且将学术自由建立在国家保障的基础上。康德的大学观对现代大学的形成产生了深刻影响,同时也成为现代大学思想的重要源泉。

A great master of latter-day philosophy,Immanuel Kant lived in an era when modern universities were brewing.During his long-term career of teaching in a university,he established a distinctive view of universities based on his philosophical concepts.He advocated that university education aimed to develop human reasoning and cultivate people with philosophical thinking;he advanced unique opinions on university teaching,such as developing rationality,philosophical thinking,and inquiry-based teaching and learning,thus becoming the pioneer in the reform of teaching in modern universities.He worked as a university teacher for 41 years,writing while teaching,and this perfectly embodied the concept of unifying teaching and research in modern universities.He attached importance to the value of philosophy and the philosophy department in a university,thus promoting the transformation of the philosophy department from the periphery to the center in a university,and leading the development of modern science.He proposed and expounded very early the principle of academic freedom in a modern university,and based academic freedom on the guarantee of the state.His view of universities exerted a profound influence on the beginning of modern universities,and became an important source of modern university thoughts.