辽北地区玉米田适宜耕作模式研究

Eco-friendly and Efficient Maize Farming for North Liaoning Region

【目的】探究不同耕作模式对玉米产量和土壤物理性状的影响。【方法】通过大田试验研究旋耕15 cm、深松30 cm、粉垄30 cm、粉垄50 cm、粉垄30 cm结合覆膜和粉垄50 cm结合覆膜对玉米不同生育时期不同土层的土壤温度和土壤容重,玉米根数、根长和根体积及玉米产量的影响。【结果】粉垄耕作可提高不同层次土壤温度,尤其粉垄耕作结合覆膜处理显著提高玉米苗期和拔节期地温14.14%~23.75%和14.34%~25.90%。粉垄耕作处理显著降低玉米苗期和拔节期及成熟期25~30 cm、45~50 cm土壤容重1.91%~3.09%、2.91%~5.21%,显著增加玉米拔节期至成熟期玉米根数、根长和根体积13.21%~47.55%、7.14%~38.83%和20.63%~110.04%。粉垄耕作结合覆膜处理显著提高玉米产量11.12%~16.29%,其中粉垄30 cm结合覆膜处理玉米产量最高。【结论】在试验条件下,粉垄耕作结合覆膜处理能有效改善土壤环境,促进玉米根系生长,提高玉米产量,其中粉垄30 cm结合覆膜措施是较适宜的耕作模式。

【Objective】Effects of tillage methods applied for maize cultivation in northern Liaoning on the crop productivity and soil conditions were studied in search of an improved agriculture practice for the region.【Method】Maize yield and soil properties under various tillage methods were determined in a field experimentation.Means of tillage and ground preparation including(A)rotary tillage for 15 cm,(B)deep loosing tillage for 30cm,(C)smash ridging tillage for 30 cm,(D)smash ridging tillage for 50cm,(E)smash ridging tillage for 30cm combined with film mulching,and(F)smash ridging tillage for 50cm combined with film mulching were evaluated.Ground temperature and bulk density in different layers of soil at different maize growth periods as well as root number,length,and volume and yield of maize plants were monitored.【Result】Smash ridging tillage on the field increased the ground temperatures in layers of the soil.Significant rises of the soil temperature by 14.14-23.75%in maize seedling stage were observed when the tillage method was applied with film mulching,and by 14.34-25.90%in the maize jointing stage.Smash ridging tillage also reduced the bulk density in 25-30cm layer of soil by 1.91-3.09%at the maize seedling,jointing,and mature stages,and in the 45-50cm layer soil by 2.91-5.21%,while significantly increased the root count by 13.21-47.55%,the root length by 7.14-38.83%,and the root volume by 20.63-110.04%from the maize jointing stage to maturity stage.By covering the ground with a mulching film after smash ridging tillage,maize yield was increased by 11.12-16.29%.And the greatest increase in yield was achieved by using the(C)method with a 30 cm tillage.【Conclusion】It was preliminarily showed that the smash ridging tillage with film ground cover,especially the method(C),could materially benefit not only the soil conditions but also the growth of maize root system and crop yield.