论惩罚性赔偿在生态环境损害赔偿诉讼中的适用与完善

The Applicability of Punitive Compensation in Ecological Environment Damage Compensation

《民法典》第1232条首次将惩罚性赔偿引入环境法,使之成为环境法领域的新责任形式。根据法律解释,惩罚性赔偿在生态环境损害赔偿诉讼中具备可适用性。在生态环境损害赔偿诉讼中适用惩罚性赔偿,既符合我国实践惯例,也能起到惩治恶意违法与警示社会的作用。目前,部分案件还存在惩罚性赔偿计算有误、溯及力有争议的问题,各案的惩罚性赔偿倍数与数额差距较大。因而,未来应适当限制惩罚性赔偿适用范围,逐步完善惩罚性赔偿的各项具体标准,完善生态环境损害赔偿计算方法与相关抵扣、豁免规则,以更好实现惩罚性赔偿的公益保护功能。

punitive damage enters the environmental law for the first time by Article 1232 of the Civil Code,making it a new form of liability for environmental law.Punitive damages should be applicable in the ecological environment damage compensation according to the law interpretation.The application is in line with China's judicial practice,and can also play the role of punishing malicious lawbreakers and warning the society.At present,there are still some cases where the calculation is wrong and the retroactivity is disputed,and there is a wide gap between the multiplier and the amount of punitive damages in each case.Therefore,in the future,the scope of punishment compensation should be appropriately restricted,and the specific standards of punitive compensation should be gradually improved,and the calculation methods ecological environmental damage compensation and the relevant rules of deduction and exemption should be improved to better realize the public welfare protection function of punitive compensation.