从高次谐波到阿秒脉冲--2023年诺贝尔物理学奖评述

From high-order harmonic generation to attosecond pulses——Review of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2023

2023年诺贝尔物理学奖授予了皮埃尔·阿戈斯蒂尼、费伦茨·克劳斯和安妮·吕利耶,以表彰他们在产生阿秒光脉冲的实验方法研究中做出的贡献。物质的电子结构决定了其物理性质,自21世纪初随着阿秒光脉冲的出现而正式诞生的阿秒科学,首次为在电子本征的时间尺度内对电子运动的探测及调控提供了可能。文章将主要简述阿秒脉冲产生与测量技术的背景、原理及阿秒脉冲在探测和控制电子动力学过程中的应用。

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2023 was awarded to Pierre Agostini from The Ohio state university,USA,Ferenc Krausz from Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics and Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich,Germany and Anne L’Huillier from Lund university,Sweden for their contribution in developing the experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light.The electronic structure of the material fundamentally determines its physical property.The attosecond science born together with the generation of attosecond light pulses in the dawn of the 21st century enable for the first time the measuring and manipulating the motion of electrons.We will review the background and principle of the generation and characterization of attosecond pulses as well as the application of attosecond pulses in detecting and controlling electron dynamics.