多维邻近性影响企业技术标准国际化能力的实证研究——来自ITU国际标准数据

An Empirical Research of the Impact of Multi-dimensional Proximityon the Internationalization Capability of Enterprises' Technical StandardsBased on ITU International Standard Data

国际标准联盟是企业技术标准国际化能力形成并提升的重要载体。基于2010—2020年ITU国际标准相关数据,探究技术邻近性和组织邻近性对拥有技术标准联盟参与经历的企业技术标准国际化能力的影响,以及地理邻近性在上述影响过程中的调节作用。负二项回归结果表明:技术邻近性与企业技术标准国际化能力正相关,联盟成员间相似的技术研究视角有助于企业技术标准国际化能力提升;组织邻近性与企业技术标准国际化能力呈倒U型关系,联盟成员间的组织性质适度趋同能够提高企业技术标准国际化能力,组织邻近性过度会阻碍企业开展技术标准国际化活动;地理邻近性对组织邻近性与企业技术标准国际化能力的倒U型关系具有负向调节作用,联盟成员间的空间聚集能够强化组织邻近性对企业技术标准国际化能力的促进作用,同时强化组织过度邻近对企业技术标准国际化能力的抑制作用。结论可丰富企业技术标准国际化能力相关研究,深化对技术标准联盟内空间聚集效应的理论解释,并为企业实施国际化技术标准时的联盟伙伴选择提供经验依据和实践参考。

A new round of global standardization has brought momentous changes to the knowledge acquisition mode of international development for enterprises'technology standards(ETS).Specifically,the International Standards Alliance(ISA)has gradually become a significant carrier for enterprises to acquire high-quality knowledge resources to enhance the capacity for ETS internationalization.Promoting the flow of knowledge among members of the ISA from a multi-faceted perspective and improving the efficiency of enterprise knowledge absorption is destined to be a key task at present and in the future.This paper points out that multi-dimensional proximity is a crucial factor to affect the flow and absorption of knowledge among the members of the ISA.Especially,the ISA is shifting to a transnational form such that the proximity characteristics between alliance members are increasingly significant and the impact of multi-dimensional proximity on the internationalization capability of ETS can be tremendous.From the perspective of multi-dimensional proximity of the ISA,the complex influence mechanism of multi-dimensional proximity on knowledge flow and absorption among alliance members is explored and the alliance member combinations with great internationalization capability of ETS is optimized.The research results can provide reference for obtaining an internationalization capability of ETS.From the perspective of the ICT industry,the data of ITU international standards from 2010 to 2020 is used to explore the impact of technical proximity and organizational proximity on the internationalization capability of ETS.The participation experience in the ISA and the moderating role of geographic proximity are addressed.To be specific,this paper obtains the data about the ISA and the internationalization capability of ETS from the official website of the ITU.The multidimensional proximity of the ISA is calculated based on the combination of the alliance members and the theoretical hypotheses are tested by the negative binomial regression model.In the nutshell,the main conclusions of this paper are as follows.Firstly,technical proximity is positively correlated with the internationalization capability of ETS.That means similar technical research perspectives among alliance members can enhance the internationalization capability of ETS.Secondly,organizational proximity and the internationalization capability of ETS have an inverted U-shaped relationship.In other words,moderate convergence of organizational nature among alliance members improves the internationalization capability of ETS,while excessive organizational proximity hinders enterprises from carrying out technology standards internationalization activities.Thirdly,geographical proximity has a negative moderating effect on the inverted U-shaped relationship between organizational proximity and the internationalization capability of ETS.That means spatial aggregation among alliance members can strengthen the effect of organizational proximity on the internationalization capability of ETS,but aggravate the inhibitory effect of excessive organizational proximity on the internationalization capability.The research conclusions enrich the relevant research on the internationalization capability of ETS,deepen the theoretical explanation of the effect of spatial aggregation within the TSA,and provide the empirical basis and practical reference for the selection of alliance partners when enterprises internationalize their ETS.Considering the development status of ITU International Standards Alliance and the problem of data inadequacy,this study does not explore the impact of social proximity on the internationalization capability of enterprises'technical standards.Future research can draw on more representative data for analysis,and deepen the impact mechanism of multi-dimensional proximity on the internationalization capability of enterprises'technical standards.Besides,this study is conducted based on the ICT industry for empirical analysis.Future research is warranted to focus on other relevant industries to carry out empirical analysis and demonstration,and expand the industry field of research on the impact of multi-dimensional proximity on the internationalization capability of enterprise technical standards.