从单向凝视到审美让渡:教学陌生化何以唤醒学生“闲逸的好奇”

How Defamiliarization Awaks Students’Leisure Curiosity:Reflections on Teaching from One⁃way Gaze to Aesthetic Concessions

长期以来,在教学场域中囿于教学内容的确定性与可控性,熟知、常规和重复逐渐演化为教学过程中习而不察的惯习,隐其背后的“单向凝视”在很大程度上影响了教育的高质量发展。运用“陌生化”理论审视教学过程中的秩序、知识和精神,可以发现:非陌生化教学所生成的被动教学景观割裂了学生与教育质量关联,扰乱了教学场域与个体本质的应有秩序;学生学习世界与真实世界的割裂使知识成为完备的既定架构,教学内容与师生关系中存在的“单向凝视”使学生成为“空心人”,催生了知识危机,同时诱发了学习主体的精神危机。教学陌生化作为对“有教的学”和“有学的教”的全新阐释,展示了从“熟知”表象向“陌生”本质透视的动态性教学交互过程,凸显了审美性、选择性、创新性和动态性四大特征。为唤醒学生“闲逸的好奇”,教学陌生化要走向实践、立足现实,突破秩序渴望,持守自由之道;解构角色“迷群”,从“活在别处”到“自我领导”;冲破手法屏障,走入审美的“理智之地”。

For a long time,in the teaching field,due to the certainty and controllability of teaching contents,familiarity,routine,and repetition have gradually evolved into habits that are not observed in the teaching process,the“one⁃way gaze”behind the hidden“one⁃way view”largely affects the quality development of education.Using the theory of“defamiliarization”to examine the order,knowledge,and spirit in the teaching process,it is found that the passive landscape of teaching cuts off the connection between students and the quality of education,disrupting the order of the teaching field and the nature of individuals;the separation of students’learning world from the living world makes knowledge a complete and established structure.The one⁃way“gaze”in the teaching content and teacher⁃student relationship makes students“hollow,”giving rise to a crisis of knowledge and,at the same time,inducing a spiritual crisis in the learning subject.As a new interpretation of“learning with teaching”and“teaching with learning,”pedagogical defamiliarization demonstrates a dynamic process of interaction from the“familiar”appearance to the“unfamiliar”essence,highlighting four characteristics,namely aesthetic nature,selectiveness,novelty,and dynamic nature.To awaken students’“leisure curiosity,”defamiliarization teaching should be based on reality,breaking through the desire for order and adhering to the principle of freedom;deconstruct the role of the“fan group,”changing from“living elsewhere”to“self⁃leadership”;break through the barrier of technique and enter the“land of reason”of aesthetics.