播种量和施肥量对湘西冬种黑麦草及后作水稻生产的影响

Effects of sowing rates and fertilizing amounts on the productions of winter ryegrass and post-cropping rice in west Hunan

以多花黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum L.)为材料,设置3种播种量18、24、30 kg/hm^(2)(分别为S1、S2、S3)和2种施肥量780、960 kg/hm^(2)(分别为F1、F2),共6个处理(S1F1、S1F2、S2F1、S2F2、S3F1、S3F2),探究不同播种量和施肥量对湘西冬种黑麦草及后作水稻生产的影响。结果表明:S3F2处理黑麦草的鲜产量最高(68 300kg/hm^(2)),比最低的S1F1处理高31.09%(P<0.05);施肥量与播种量交互效应对黑麦草的干产量和单位面积总粗蛋白、总粗纤维、总钙、总磷含量影响显著(P<0.05),播种量对鲜产量、干产量和单位面积总粗纤维、总钙、总磷含量均影响显著(P<0.05);种草后,所有处理土壤的pH和有效磷含量均显著高于种草前的(P<0.05),S3F2处理土壤全氮和有效磷含量最高,分别达2.31 g/kg、67.61 mg/kg,比种草前分别高12.68%(P>0.05)和148.11%(P<0.05);S3F2处理下后作水稻实际产量、单株总粒数、单株实粒数和千粒质量均显著高于其他处理的(P<0.05);后作水稻产量受黑麦草播种量的影响显著(P<0.05),播种量和施肥量的交互效应对水稻产量影响不显著(P>0.05)。综上所述,黑麦草在播种量为30 kg/hm^(2)、施肥量为960 kg/hm^(2)的栽培条件下的培肥效果最佳,并且对后作水稻具有良好的增产效应,适宜在湘西地区推广应用。

Lolium multiflorum L.was selected as the material to investigate the effect of different planting methods including sowing and fertilizing on the productions of winter ryegrass and post-cropping rice in west Hunan.Three sowing rates,S1,S2,S3(18,24,30 kg/hm^(2),respectively)and two fertilizing amounts,F1,F2(780,960 kg/hm^(2),respectively)were set-up,a total of 6 treatments(S1F1,S1F2,S2F1,S2F2,S3F1,S3F2).The results showed that the fresh weight of ryegrass in S3F2 was the highest(68300 kg/hm^(2)),and 31.09%higher than that in S1F1(P<0.05).The results of two-way anova showed that the interaction effect of sowing and fertilizing amount had significant effects on the dry weight and the total crude protein,crude fiber,calcium and phosphorus content per unit area of ryegrass(P<0.05).Sowing rate had significant effects on fresh weight,dry weight and total crude fiber,calcium and phosphorus content per unit area(P<0.05).The results of soil nutrient content after winter ryegrass showed that the soil pH and available P in all treatments were significantly higher than those before winter ryegrass(P<0.05).The contents of total N and available P in S3F2 were the highest(2.31 g/kg and 67.61 mg/kg),which were 12.68%(P>0.05)and 148.11%(P<0.05)higher than those before winter ryegrass.The actual yield,total grain of strain,solid grain of strain and 1000-grain weight of rice in S3F2 were significantly higher than other treatments(P<0.05).The yield of post-cropping rice was only significantly affected by the sowing rate of ryegrass(P<0.05),the interaction effect of sowing rate and fertilizing amount on rice yield was not significant(P>0.05).In conclusion,under planting conditions of 30 kg/hm^(2) sowing rates and 960 kg/hm^(2) fertilizing amounts,the ryegrass had the best fertilizer effect and could promote the yield of the post-cropping rice.The optimal condition is recommend to apply and promote in west Hunan.