不同水分管理对小麦各品种光合特性及产量的影响

Effects of different water management on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of wheat varieties

不同水分管理影响小麦各品种光合特性,进而影响小麦产量.为了提高小麦产量,研究以百农207(BN207)、百农307(BN307)和洛旱27(LH27)为试验材料,设置灌溉(I)和雨养(R)两种水分处理,研究不同水分管理对小麦旗叶净光合速率(P_(n))、叶绿素荧光参数及产量的影响.与雨养处理相比,BN207、BN307、LH27的P_(n)在灌溉处理下分别增加53.48%、81.45%、42.83%.单位反应中心吸收的光能(ABS/RC)、单位反应中心捕获的用于电子传递的能量(ET_(O)/RC)和单位反应中心捕获的用于还原Q_(A)的能量(TR_(O)/RC)在灌溉处理下3个小麦品种均高于雨养处理,而单位反应中心耗散掉的能量(DIO/RC),BN207和LH27更高,BN307在灌溉条件下反而更低.3个小麦品种的叶绿素荧光诱导曲线(OJIP)变化趋势相同,但荧光值具有差异:BN207和LH27在灌溉条件下O点荧光强度高于雨养条件,J、I、P点荧光强度低于雨养条件;BN307在灌溉条件下O、J、I点荧光强度高,P点强光强度低.在灌溉处理下,BN207产量提高20.12%、穗粒数降低14.66%、穗数提高51.98%,千粒质量降低3.11%;在灌溉条件下,BN307产量提高53.71%、穗粒数提高5.03%、穗数提高51.74%、千粒质量降低7.99%;在灌溉条件下,LH27产量、穗粒数和穗数分别提高了14.83%、0.68%和20.43%,而千粒质量则降低了3.15%.灌溉处理能提高小麦光系统中电子传递链的能量传递、提高旗叶净光合速率,主要通过增加穗数来提高小麦产量.BN307、BN207在灌溉处理下产量提高最显著,更适合在灌溉条件充足的条件下种植,而LH27对灌溉不足的条件的适应性更强.

The effects of different water management on the photosynthetic characteristics of wheat varieties are explored to provide theoretical bases for selecting suitable varieties in Henan Province.This study used Bainong 207(BN207),Bainong 307(BN307)and Luohan 27(LH27)as experimental materials,and set up two water treatments irrigation(I)and rain cultivation(R)to study the effects of different water management on the net photosynthetic rate(Pn),chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,and yield of wheat flag leaves.Compared with the rain fed treatment,the Pn of BN207,BN307and LH27 significantly increased by 53.48%,81.45%,and 42.83%under irrigation treatment,respectively.The light energy absorbed by the unit reaction center(ABS/RC),the energy captured by the unit reaction center for electron transfer(ETO/RC),and the energy captured by the unit reaction center for reducing QA(TRO/RC)under irrigation treatment were higher in all three wheat varieties than those under rainfed treatment,while the energy dissipated by the unit reaction center(DIO/RC)was higher in BN207 and LH27,and lower in BN307 under irrigation conditions.The trend of chlorophyll fluorescence induction curve(OJIP)changes in the three varieties of wheat is the same,but there are differences in fluorescence values.BN207 and LH27 have higher O point fluorescence intensity under irrigation conditions than under rain fed conditions,while J,I,and P point fluorescence intensity is lower than that under rain fed conditions;BN307 has high fluorescence intensity at O,J,and I points under irrigation conditions,but low strong light intensity at P points.Under irrigation treatment,the yield of BN207 increased by 20.12%,the number of grains per spike decreased by 14.66%,the number of panicles increased by 51.98%,and the thousand grain weight decreased by 3.11%;Under irrigation conditions,the yield of BN307 increased by 53.71%,the number of grains per panicle increased by 5.03%,the number of panicles increased by 51.74%,and the 1000 grain weight decreased by 7.99%;Under irrigation conditions,the yield,grain number per spike,and panicle number of LH27 increased by 14.83%,0.68%,and 20.43%,respectively,while the thousand grain weight decreased by 3.15%.Irrigation treatment can improve the energy transfer of electron transfer chains in the wheat photosystem and increase the net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves,mainly by increasing the number of spikes to increase wheat yield.BN307 and BN207 show the most significant increase in yield under irrigation treatment,making them more suitable for planting under sufficient irrigation conditions,while LH27 has stronger adaptability to insufficient irrigation conditions.