论道德教育的社会图像——一种对于道德教育发生过程的卢梭式观察

On the Social Image of Moral Education—A Rousseau's Observation on the Process of Moral Education

道德教育的社会图像是指道德教育作为一种社会事实,有着独特的社会构造和发生方式。道德教育的根本任务不是直接让人学习具体的道德规范,而是将人放置在一个由宗教、家庭和政治构成的连续体中,以便让人真正理解宗教的自然法则、家庭的爱欲原则和政治的契约规则。自然宗教、原初家庭和公共政治作为最基础的社会事实,滋养了人的本性和行为,也让人在连续的经验世界中接受了一套完整的道德教育。卢梭在《爱弥儿》第四卷和第五卷中以图像化的方式呈现了这样一个连续的道德教育过程,深入诠释这一过程有利于我们对道德教育的社会性质和存在形态形成新的认识。

The social image of moral education means that moral education is a social fact,which has a unique social structure and occurrence mode.The fundamental task of moral education is not to directly let people learn specific moral norms,but to place people in a continuum composed of religion,family and politics,so as to make people feel the natural law of religion,the love principle of family and the contract rule of politics.Natural religion,original family and public politics,as the most basic social facts,nourish human nature and behavior,and let people receive a complete set of moral education in a continuous experience world.Rousseau presents such a continuous process of moral education in the Fourth and Fifth Volumes of Emile by a graphical method.An in-depth interpretation of this process is conducive to our new understanding of the social nature and existing form of moral education.