城市极端暴雨洪涝灾害成因及对策研究进展

Research progress on causes and countermeasures for extreme rainstorm-induced urban flood disasters

从极端暴雨形成机制、城市洪涝致灾机理及风险评估、防灾减灾措施和应对极端暴雨的城市韧性4个方面对城市暴雨洪涝问题国内外研究进展进行了综述,指出研究中下垫面对强降水和产汇流过程的影响机制认识不清,以单灾种为研究对象的风险评估缺乏对各类灾害关系的厘定,应对极端暴雨的城市韧性研究多停留在理论探讨层面等问题,未来应重点研究城市极端暴雨预报预警能力提升技术、洪涝灾害形成及灾害链传导机制、洪涝灾害治理措施、可实施层面的城市韧性提升方法等。

The research progresses of urban rainstorm-induced flooding in China and at aboard are reviewed from four aspects,including formation mechanism of extreme rainstorms,disaster-causing mechanism and risk assessment of urban flooding,disaster prevention and mitigation measures,and urban resilience in response to extreme rainstorms.Some problems existing in the present research are put forward,including the unawareness of the influence mechanism of underlying surface on heavy rainfall and runoff generation and confluence process,lacks of the definition of the relationship between various disasters in the risk assessment with single disasters as the research object,and the study of urban resilience in response to extreme rainstorms being mostly confined to the theoretical exploration.It is pointed out that research in the future should focus on improving the technology of urban extreme rainstorm forecasting and early warning,flood disaster formation and disaster chain transmission mechanism,flood disaster management countermeasures,and implementable urban resilience enhancement method.