水稻淹水萌发对低氧胁迫的适应及其机制研究进展

Research Progress on the Adaptation and Mechanism of Rice Submerged Germination to Hypoxia Stress

水稻是我国最重要的粮食作物之一,水稻生产是国家粮食安全的重要保障。传统移栽种植模式对我国的水稻增产、农民增收、农业发展起到了重要作用。但随着社会经济发展和产业要素变革,农村劳动力大幅减少,迫切需求轻简化的生产方式。水稻淹水直播能节省劳力、节约资源、有效降低杂草危害,是一种高效、经济和节约型的轻简栽培模式,在当前有较高的推广价值。淹水萌发时低氧胁迫造成的出苗率低是阻碍水稻淹水直播的首要因素,丰富的水稻种质资源中存在耐淹水萌发优异资源和基因,挖掘和利用这些优异资源和基因并培育适宜淹水直播的水稻新品种,是突破目前直播稻推广和应用瓶颈的关键。本文围绕水稻淹水萌发的生理特点、鉴定评价方法、优异种质鉴定、遗传规律、响应机制研究以及功能基因的育种应用等方面的研究进展进行综述,以期为水稻耐淹水萌发的机制研究和萌发耐淹品种的选育提供参考。

Rice is one of the most important food crops in China,and rice production is an important guarantee for national food security.The traditional transplanting model has played an important role in increasing rice production,farmers'income,and agricultural development.With the development of social economy and changes in industrial factors,the significant reduction of rural labor forces urgently requires simplified cultivation methods.Direct seeding of rice flooding can save labor,resources,and effectively reduce weed damage,which is an efficient and economical cultivation mode with high popularization value at present.The decreased germination rate caused by hypoxia stress under submerged condition is the primary factor that hinders the application of direct seeding of rice flooding.In the abundant rice germplasm resources,there are excellent resources and genes tolerant to hypoxic stress.Exploring these excellent resources and genes tolerant to hypoxic stress and their application in developing submergence tolerant varieties suitable for direct seeding rice is the key to break through the bottleneck of popularization and application of direct seeding rice.This article reviewed the physiological characteristics,phenotyping methods,elite germplasm identification,genetic analysis,mechanism characterization of rice germinability under submerged condition and breeding application of functional genes.We expected to provide theoretical reference for deciphering the molecular mechanism of hypoxia-tolerant germination and selecting direct seeding rice varieties.