口腔运动干预对早产儿经口喂养能力的影响

The effect of oral motor intervention on oral feeding ability of preterm infants

目的:探讨早产儿口腔运动干预(premature infant oral motor intervention,PIOMI)对出生胎龄28~34周的早产儿经口喂养能力的影响。方法:回顾性分析2020年2月—2023年2月中山大学附属第七医院收治的60例出生胎龄28~34周早产儿的临床资料,其中进行PIOMI及常规基础护理的30例早产儿为干预组,仅接受常规基础护理的30例早产儿为对照组。比较两组患儿经口喂养能力、喂养表现、喂养进程和不良反应发生情况。结果:干预组在PIOMI干预后第5、10天的早产儿准备经口喂养评估量表评分[分别为(27.83±2.28)、(31.10±1.65)分]均高于对照组[分别为(26.40±1.48)、(29.07±1.68)分,均P<0.05];干预组在全量经口喂养时的喂养效率、5 min摄入奶量百分比[分别为(9.09±1.03)mL/min、(85.03±5.57)%]均高于对照组[分别为(8.15±1.07)mL/min、(80.37±7.49)%,均P<0.05],全量经口喂养过渡时间短于对照组[(15.33±7.13)d比(18.90±6.50)d,P<0.05],两组体重增长率、住院时间、胃肠道不良反应发生率差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论:PIOMI可改善出生胎龄28~34周早产儿的经口喂养能力,缩短管饲喂养向经口喂养的过渡时间。

Objective:To investigate the effect of preterm infant oral motor intervention(PIOMI)on oral feeding ability in preterm infants with birth gestational age of 28-34 weeks.Methods:The clinical data of 60 preterm infants with birth gestational age of 28-34 weeks admitted to the Seventh Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from February 2020 to February 2023 were retrospectively analyzed,in which 30 preterm infants who underwent PIOMI and routine primary care were the intervention group,and 30 preterm infants who only received routine primary care were the control group.The ability of oral feeding,feeding performance,feeding process and occurrence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results:The scores of the Preterm Infant Readiness for Oral Feeding Assessment Scale in the intervention group on the 5th and 10th days after PIOMI intervention[(27.83±2.28)and(31.10±1.65)points,respectively]were higher than those of the control group[(26.40±1.48)and(29.07±1.68)points,respectively,both P<0.05];the feeding efficiency of the intervention group at full volume oral feeding and percentage of milk intake at 5 min[(9.09±1.03)mL/min and(85.03±5.57)%,respectively]were higher than those of the control group[(8.15±1.07)mL/min and(80.37±7.49)%,respectively,all P<0.05],and the transition time to full volume oral feeding was shorter than that of the control group[(15.33±7.13)d vs(18.90±6.50)d,P<0.05],and the differences in weight growth rate,hospitalization time,and incidence of gastrointestinal adverse reactions between the two groups were not statistically significant(all P>0.05).Conclusion:PIOMI improves the oral feeding ability in preterm infants with birth gestational age of 28-34 weeks and shortens the transition time from tube feeding to oral feeding.