四川平武白马藏族仪式歌舞音乐形态及其文化意义研究

Research on the Music Form and Cultural Significance of Baima Tibetan Ritual Song and Dance in Pingwu,Sichuan

平武白马藏族歌舞音乐是少数民族音乐艺术中的一抹亮色,其特色鲜明且历史悠久。目前,对于平武白马藏族歌舞音乐的探索,一些问题悬而未决,主要体现于分类研究的缺失,“跳曹盖”的歌舞音乐类别属性问题,以及不同的表演场域赋予其怎样的文化意义与价值议题探讨等。通过对以上问题的研讨与分析可知,依据当前学界对于歌舞音乐的分类,并兼顾文化业内视角,平武白马藏族的歌舞音乐可以划归于舞蹈类音乐与乐舞。同时,从内外两方面来看,从客观性的研究角度来说,可以将“跳曹盖”作为乐舞来进行研究,不应认定其就是乐舞。在平武白马藏族仪式舞蹈与音乐形态分析中,不论是歌舞类音乐,还是乐舞,在形态上虽有一定的相似性,但文化功能与作用各不相同。此外,平武白马藏族仪式歌舞音乐文化不仅是历史传统的延续,也是当时语境下的文化重构,而这两方面因素造就了平武白马藏族仪式歌舞音乐文化存在的意义与价值。

Pingwu Baima Tibetan song and dance music is a shining color in the music art of ethnic minorities,with distinct characteristics and a long history.At present,there are some unresolved issues,regarding the exploration of Pingwu Baima Tibetan song and dance music,mainly reflected in the lack of classification research,the issue of the category attributes of Cao Gai’s song and dance music,and the exploration of cultural significance and value issues endowed by different performance fields and so on.Through the discussion and analysis of the above issues,it can be concluded that based on the current classification of song and dance music in the academic community,and taking into account the perspective of the cultural field,the song and dance music of the Pingwu Baima Tibetan ethnic group can be classified as dance music and dance with accompaniment.At the same time,from both internal and external perspectives,from an objective research perspective,“Cao Gai”can be studied as dance with accompaniment,and should not be considered as dance with accompaniment.In the analysis of Pingwu Baima Tibetan ritual dance and music form,whether it is song and dance music or dance with accompaniment,although there are certain similarities in form,cultural functions and roles are different.In addition,the Pingwu Baima Tibetan ritual song and dance music culture is not only a continuation of historical traditions,but also a cultural reconstruction in the context of that time.These two factors have created the significance and value of the Pingwu Baima Tibetan ritual song and dance music culture.