基于土地利用转型的山地城市生境质量时空演变及驱动力因素分析——以三明市为例

Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Habitat Quality in Mountainous City Based on Land Use Transition and Its Driving Factors——A Case Study of Sanming city

通过ArcGIS与InVEST模型对三明市2000-2020年的土地利用转型特征、生境质量时空演变进行分析,结合生境质量贡献率的测算,将各类用地类型的转型对生境质量的影响程度进行量化对比,并运用地理探测器对研究区内的生境质量进行驱动力分析,深入探寻影响生境质量的主要因素。结果表明:(1)2000-2020年在三明市土地利用类型中森林始终占据着最大面积比,超过总面积的70%,2010-2020年土地利用转型更为显著。(2)2000、2010、2020年三明市的平均生境质量指数分别为0.80649、0.80654、0.77488,生境质量水平总体处于较高水平。(3)三明市的生境质量在空间上呈现明显的集聚特征,以高质量生境区域集聚和低质量生境区域集聚作为主要集聚特征。(4)耕地、草地、人造地表向森林转换是生境质量提升的主要原因,森林向耕地、草地、人造地表转换,耕地转为人造地表是生境质量降低的主要原因。(5)在生境质量驱动力分析中,自然环境相关因子的总影响力高于社会因素相关因子的总影响力,NDVI的影响力在8个因子中最高。任意2个因子的组合对于生境质量的影响力均高于单一因子。研究结果加强了对山地城市生境质量时空变化的认知,对推动生物多样性的保护及生态文明建设具有一定的理论与实践价值。

This study analyzed the spatial and temporal evolution of land use transformation characteristics and habitat quality in Sanming City from 2000 to 2020 by ArcGIS and InVEST models.Combined with the calculation of the contribution rate of habitat quality,the impact of the transformation of various land types on habitat quality was quantified and compared.Geodetector was used to analyze the driving forces of habitat quality in the study area to deeply explore the main factors affecting habitat quality.The results showed that(1)forests consistently occupied the largest area ratio among land use types in Sanming from 2000 to 2020,both exceeding 70%of the total area.More significant land use transition occurred from 2010-2020.(2)The average habitat quality indices of Sanming in 2000,2010 and 2020 were 0.80649,0.80654,and 0.77488,respectively,and the overall level of habitat quality was at a high level.(3)Habitat quality in Sanming presented obvious spatial clustering characteristics,with regional clustering of high quality habitats and regional clustering of low quality habitats as the main clustering characteristics.(4)Conversion of cropland,grassland,and man-made surfaces to forest was the main reason for habitat quality enhancement,conversion of forest to cropland,grassland,and man-made surfaces,and conversion of cropland to man-made surfaces were the main reasons for habitat quality reduction.(5)In the analysis of habitat quality driving factors,the total influence of the natural environment-related factors was higher than that of the social-related factors,and the influence of NDVI was the highest among the eight factors.The influence of any combination of two factors on habitat quality was higher than that of a single factor.The results strengthen the knowledge of spatial and temporal variation of habitat quality in mountainous cities and have theoretical and practical values for promoting the conservation of biodiversity and the construction of ecological civilization.