《民法典》解释论视野下商事担保的规制进路构建

The Regulatory Approach of Commercial Security from the Perspective of the Interpretation of the Civil Code

《民法典》构建的动产和权利担保体系沿袭“民商合一”的一体规制立场,致使其商事元素与“大民事概念”统摄的统一民事担保制度难以协调。立法层面的法律漏洞引起司法层面裁判思维单一、标准混乱、制度障碍等问题,不利于商事金融的发展创新。基于目前现状及惯性原理,商事担保规制问题的解决宜通过典外的法律适用途径解决。解释论进路以商法思维为认知脉络,超越商事担保裁判中的民法逻辑,通过利益衡量、价值判断影响法律适用全程。以法律解释为媒介,构筑以法律文本、事实构造、制度体系为框架的逻辑分析体系能实现商法思维、法律规范、商事担保实践的有效协调。实践中,以实体性法律文本为基础,程序性论证分析体系为外在形式,发挥能动司法的法律续造作用,有利于解决商事担保的规制问题。

The movable property and rights security system constructed by the Civil Code follows the integrated regulatory position of“civil and commercial integration”,and its commercial elements are difficult to coordinate with the unified civil guarantee system unified by the“big civil concept”.Legal loopholes at the legislative level have caused problems such as single adjudication thinking,confusing standards,and institutional obstacles at the judicial level,which is not conducive to the development and innovation of commercial finance.Based on the current status quo and the principle of inertia,the solution to the problem of commercial guarantee regulation should be solved through the application of law outside the law.The approach of interpretation theory takes commercial law thinking as the cognitive context,goes beyond the civil law logic in commercial guarantee adjudication,and affects the whole process of law application through interest measurement and value judgment.With legal interpretation as the medium,it is likely to build a logical analysis system with legal texts,factual construction,and institutional system as the framework;and to realize the coordination of commercial law thinking,legal norms,and commercial guarantee practice.Based on substantive legal texts,the procedural argumentation and analysis system is the external form,which plays the role of legal continuation of active justice and solves the regulatory problem of commercial security.