横肋截面类型对铝模板力学性能的影响

Effect of Rib Section Type on Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Formwork

横肋是影响铝合金模板承载力的重要构造。为研究横肋截面类型对铝合金模板的力学性能,开展了梯形截面横肋的铝合金模板的三分点加载试验,并将其试验结果与采用abaqus软件的精确化建模得到的数值结果进行对比,验证了数值模拟的可靠性。并在此基础上,通过数值模拟研究了方形、工字形和T形3种横肋截面类型的铝合金模板力学性能。结果表明,铝合金模板在标准荷载作用下,其边肋的拉应变最大,属于危险截面。横肋截面类型是影响横肋自身乃至铝合金模板整体受力状态的关键因素,T形截面是单轴对称截面中最优的截面类型,方形截面是双轴对称截面中最优的截面类型,而双轴对称截面横肋的最大应力产生在横肋中间,可有效避免横肋两端焊接的薄弱处,双轴对称截面的横肋受力更合理,因此方形截面是最佳横肋截面类型。在横肋截面形状方面,与方形截面面积相比,T形和工形截面面积分别下降了41.9%和21.2%,T形截面是材料用量最少的横肋截面类型,可用于一些受力较小的结构,如小矮墙等结构处。

The transverse rib is an important structure affecting the bearing capacity of alu-minum alloy formwork.In order to study the mechanical properties of type of rib section to aluminum alloy formwork,the three-point loading test of aluminum alloy formwork with trapezoidal cross-section transverse rib was completed,and the test results were compared with the numerical results obtained by accurate modeling using abaqus software.The reliability of numerical simulation was verified.Base on the previous research,the mechanical properties of aluminum alloy formwork with square,i-shaped and t-shaped rib sections were studied by numerical simulation.The results show that under the action of standard load,the side rib has the largest tensile strain,belonging to the dangerous section.The type of main rib section is the key factor affecting the overall stress state of transverse rib and even aluminum alloy formwork.T-shaped section is the optimal section type in uniaxial symmetric section.Square section is the best section type in biaxial symmetric section.The maximum stress of the biaxial symmetrical cross rib is generated in the middle of the cross rib,which can effectively avoid the welding weakness at both ends of the cross rib.The force of biaxial symmetrical cross section is more reasonable,so square section is the best type of cross section in the aspect of transverse rib section shape.Compared with square section area,the area of t-section and i-section decreased by 41.9%and 21.2%,respectively.T-section is the type of cross-rib section with the least amount of material,which can be used for some structures with small forces,such as small parapet and other structures.