钛合金深冷处理工艺研究综述

A Review on Deep Cryogenic Treatment of Titanium Alloys

钛合金以其优异的生物相容性、出色的力学性能和抗腐蚀性而广泛应用于航空航天等领域。然而,现代工艺制备的钛合金存在延展性和耐疲劳性较差的问题,同时钛金属本身的耐磨性也较差,因此需要通过合适的后处理工艺来改善其力学性能。在这种背景下,深冷处理凭借其便捷、无污染、低成本及能显著改善金属材料组织和综合性能等优势,成为机械加工领域备受瞩目的研究方向。首先简要介绍了深冷处理的发展历程以及2种主要加工方法:液态法和气态法,同时概括了气态法的具体流程。其次重点综述了国内外深冷处理工艺对钛合金组织和织构的影响,分别从深冷时间、深冷温度与循环次数3个方面,归纳了深冷处理工艺对钛合金硬度和拉伸性能的影响以及深冷工艺的作用机理,并进一步探究了深冷处理工艺对钛合金制件摩擦磨损性能和耐疲劳性能的影响规律。最后介绍了深冷处理复合工艺方法,为基于深冷处理的加工工艺的发展提供有益参考和启示。

Titanium alloys are widely used in fields such as aerospace due to their excellent biocompatibility,superior me-chanical properties,and high corrosion resistance.However,titanium alloys fabricated using modern techniques often exhibit low ductility and fatigue resistance,and the metal itself has poor wear resistance.Therefore,appropriate post-processing tech-niques are necessary to enhance their mechanical properties.Against this backdrop,deep cryogenic treatment,with its advan-tages of being convenient,pollution-free,low-cost,and significantly improving the microstructure and overall performance of metal materials,has become a prominent research direction in machining.This paper began by briefly introducing the develop-ment history of deep cryogenic treatment and its two main methods:the liquid and the gaseous methods,while also summarizing the specific processes of the gaseous method.It then focused on a review of research on the effects of deep cryogenic treatment processes on the microstructure and texture of titanium alloys both domestically and internationally.The paper summarized the impacts of deep cryogenic treatment on the hardness and tensile properties of titanium alloys,discussed the influence of treatment duration,temperature,and the number of cycles,and elucidated the mechanisms involved.Further investigation was con-ducted into the patterns of how deep cryogenic treatment affected the friction wear performance and fatigue resistance of tita-nium alloy parts.Finally,the paper presented composite methods of deep cryogenic treatment,offering valuable references and insights for the development of processing technologies based on deep cryogenic treatment.