不同光质培养下香菇挥发性风味物质的比较分析

Comparative analysis of volatile components of Lentinus edodes cultured with different light illumination

香菇(Lentinula edodes)营养丰富,味道鲜美,具有浓郁的香气,香菇的风味是评价其品质的重要指标之一。为探究不同光质对香菇挥发性风味物质的影响,采用气相色谱-离子迁移谱联用(gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrum,GC-IMS)技术,对不同光质培养下香菇子实体的挥发性物质含量进行测定。结果表明:在7种光质(红光、绿光、蓝光、红绿光、红蓝光、绿蓝光、红绿蓝光)以及黑暗环境(CK)培养下的香菇子实体中共鉴定到28种挥发性风味物质,包括醛类物质12种、醇类物质7种、酮类物质6种、酯类物质1种、呋喃类物质1种和酸类物质1种。香菇挥发性成分中其他类物质的含量占比最高(37.98%—45.94%),其次是醛类(27.43%—34.38%)、醇类(14.96%—16.99%)、酮类(5.72%—10.36%)、酸类(2.17%—3.71%)和呋喃类(0.46%—0.65%),酯类有机物的含量最低(0.28%—0.45%)。不同光质培养的香菇子实体中挥发性有机物含量有较大差异,1-辛烯-3-酮、1-己醇和3-甲基丁醛等物质在对照组中的含量较高,绿光处理组中癸醛、2-丁酮、2-癸酮的含量最高,3-戊酮和壬醛分别在绿蓝光和红绿光处理组中含量最高。主成分分析中,PC_1[63%]与PC_2[13%]之和为76%,能将不同光质培养下的香菇子实体很好地区分。该研究结果为香菇风味品质评价提供了参考。

Lentinula edodes is rich in nutrients,delicious in flavor and rich in aroma.The flavor of L.edodes is also one of the important indexes to evaluate its quality.In order to investigate the effects of different light illumination on volatile components of L.edodes,we used gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrum technology to determine the volatile components in L.edodes fruiting body under different light illumination.The results showed that 28 volatile components were identified under red light,green light,blue light,red-green light,red-blue light,green-blue light,red-green-blue light and dark environment,including 12 aldehydes,7 alcohols,6 ketones,1 ester,1 furan and 1 acid.Among the volatile components of L.edodes,other compounds accounted for the highest proportion(37.98%—45.94%),followed by aldehydes(27.43%—34.38%),alcohols(14.96%—16.99%),ketones(5.72%—10.36%),acids(2.17%—3.71%),furans(0.46%—0.65%),and esters had the lowest content(0.28%—0.45%).The volatile organic compounds in the fruiting body of L.edodes treated with different light illumination were significantly different.The contents of 1-octene-3-ketone,1-hexanol and 3-methylbutanal in the control group were higher,the contents of decal,2-butanone and 2-heptanone in the green light treatment group were the highest,the contents of 3-pentanone and n-nonal were the highest in green-blue and red-green light treatment groups,respectively.In principal component analysis,the sum of PC_1[63%]and PC_2[13%]was 76%,which could distinguish L.edodes fruiting bodies under different light illumination.The results provided reference for flavor quality evaluation of L.edodes.components.