多径利用雷达目标探测技术综述与展望

Overview and Prospects of Multipath Exploitation Radar Target Detection Technology

多径利用雷达(MER)目标探测技术主要基于电磁波在介质表面的反射、衍射等非直视(NLOS)多路径传播特性,实现对城市街角、车辆遮挡等“视觉”盲区内隐蔽目标的有效探测,其能够为城市作战、智能驾驶等多种应用提供服务,具有重要的现实意义和研究价值。为获知该领域的发展脉络,并预测未来可能的发展趋势,该文对21世纪初以来该领域国内外公开文献进行了归纳总结。相关文献的梳理结果表明,根据探测平台类型的不同,多径利用雷达目标探测技术目前主要包括两类:基于空中平台的多径探测技术和基于地面平台的多径探测技术。这两类技术均已取得一定具有实际意义的研究成果。针对空中平台,该文围绕可行性验证、影响因素分析、建筑环境感知和非视距目标探测4个方面展开梳理;针对地面平台,该文则从目标检测与识别、目标二维定位、目标三维信息获取及新型探测方法4个方面展开论述。最后,对多径利用雷达目标探测技术进行总结和展望,指出该技术在目前实际应用中所面临的潜在问题和挑战。这些结果表明,多径利用雷达目标探测技术正朝着多样化、智能化的方向发展。

The Multipath Exploitation Radar(MER)target detection technology is primarily based on the Non-Line-Of-Sight(NLOS)multipath propagation characteristics of electromagnetic waves,such as reflection and diffraction on the surface of the medium,enabling the effective detection of targets hidden in the“visually”blind area,such as urban street corners and vehicle occlusion.Thus,the technology can be feasible for various applications,including urban combat and intelligent driving.Further,it has significant practical and research implications.This paper summarizes the domestic and foreign literature in this field since the beginning of the 21st century to keep abreast of developments in this field and predict future development trends.The literature review revealed that according to the different types of detection platforms,MER target detection technology primarily consists of multipath detection technologies based on air and ground platforms.Both these technologies have achieved certain produced research results of practical significance.For air platforms,the following aspects are discussed:feasibility verification,analysis of influencing factors,architectural environment perception,and NLOS target detection.Further,for ground platforms,these four aspects are covered:target detection and recognition,two-dimensional target positioning,three-dimensional target information acquisition,and new detection methods.Finally,the prospects of MER target detection technology are summarized,and the potential issues and challenges in the current practical application of this technology are highlighted.These results show that MER target detection technology is evolving toward diversification and intelligence.