教育常识概念辨析——基于分析教育哲学的视角

Discrimination of the Concept of Educational Common Sense-From the Perspective of Analytic Philosophy of Education

教育常识是在日常教育生活中人所共有的、经常并持续起作用的关于教育的认识。教育常识的世界观、思维方式和价值规范是深入理解教育常识的三个方面。教育常识的世界观呈现了个人对教育世界一般的、总体的理解,这种一般性理解并未得到深入反思,却直接影响着普通人(尤其是未受专业教育学训练的人)的教育行为;教育常识的思维方式是一个人依据教育常识实施具体教育行为的思考方式,显然这种思考方式会受到教育常识世界观的影响,同样是缺少反思的;教育常识的价值规范统摄着教育常识的世界观以及思维方式,它体现了教育常识背后的价值取向,从根本上决定了一个人的教育常识。教育常识的世界观具有重复性、给予性、非批判性、非系统性、矛盾性、差异性的特征。教育常识的思维方式具有非此即彼、简单归纳、模仿、类比和过分一般化的特点。教育常识的价值规范体现为有限的共同性和普遍性、僵化性和保守性、两极对立化的特点。为了更加系统地理解教育常识,需要辨析教育常识与其相似概念的差异,通过辨析教育常识与民间教育学、默会知识、教育习俗、教育民俗、教育习惯、教育信仰的异同,可以系统地了解教育常识在诸多相似概念中的位置。

Educational common sense is a common,frequent and continuous understanding of education that is shared by people in daily educational life.The world outlook,thinking mode and value norm of educational common sense are three aspects of in-depth understanding of educational common sense.The world outlook of educational common sense presents a general,overall understanding of the educational world that is not deeply reflected upon,but it directly influences the educational behavior of ordinary people(especially those who are not professionally trained in pedagogy);The thinking mode of educational common sense is the way in which one thinks about the implementation of specific educational behaviors based on educational common sense,which is obviously influenced by the world outlook of educational common sense and is also lack of reflection.The value norm of educational common sense dominates the world outlook and way of thinking of educational common sense,which reflects the value orientation behind educational common sense and fundamentally determines one's educational common sense.The world outlook of educational common sense has the characteristics of repetition,giving,non-critique,non-systematicness,contradiction and difference.The thinking mode of educational common sense has the characteristics of either this or that,simple induction,imitation,analogy and over generalization.The value norm of educational common sense is characterized by limited commonality and universality,rigidity and conservatism,and bipolar opposition.In order to understand educational common sense more systematically,it is necessary to distinguish the differences between educational common sense and its similar concepts,and to systematically understand the position of educational common sense in various similar concepts by distinguishing the similarities and diferences between educational common sense and folk pedagogy,tacit knowledge,educational customs,educational folklore,educational habits and educational beliefs.