挪威终身学习资格框架:背景、内容与特征

Norway's Qualifications Framework for Lifelong Learning:Background,Content and Characteristics

在博洛尼亚进程和欧洲资格框架的影响下,挪威于2011年12月正式颁布了《挪威终身学习资格框架》。该框架以学习成果为指标划分了七个资格等级,并分别从知识、技能和一般能力三个维度描述了相应的资格标准,不仅涵盖普通教育、职业教育和高等教育领域,还纳入了挪威正规教育与培训体系中的所有资格类型,建立了先前学习认定机制以促进终身学习。挪威终身学习资格框架具有标准描述清晰化、参与主体多元化等特点,同时也充分体现了挪威教育与培训体系的特色。这对我国国家资格框架的构建具有借鉴意义:资格等级和资格标准的描述应清晰具体,循序渐进;国家资格框架的制定应积极吸纳相关利益群体的参与;国家资格框架也应在对接他国资格框架的同时体现本国特色。

Under the influence of the Bologna Process and the European Qualifications Framework,Norway officially issued the"Norway's Qualifications Framework for Lifelong Learning"in December 2011.The framework divides seven qualification levels based on learning outcomes and describes corresponding qualification standards from three dimensions of knowledge,skills and general ability.The framework not only covers the fields of general education,vocational education and higher education,but also includes all qualification types in Norway's formal education and training system,and establishes a recognition mechanism for prior learning to promote lifelong learning.The Norway's Qualifications Framework for Lifelong Learning has the characteristics of clear standard description and diversified participation.At the same time,it fully reflects the characteristics of Norway's education and training system.This has the following reference significance for the construction of China's national qualifications framework:the description of qualification levels and standards should be clear and specific,and advance gradually in due order;the development of national qualifications framework should actively incorporate the participation of relevant stakeholders;the national qualifications framework should also reflect national characteristics while docking with other countries'qualifications frameworks.