花椒精油对肉羊育肥性能及肉品质的影响

Effects of Zanthoxylum Essential Oil on Fattening Performance and Meat Quality of Mutton Sheep

试验旨在探究饲粮中添加花椒精油对肉羊生长性能、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响。试验采用单因子试验设计,选取20只体重(24.72±0.91)kg相近、体况健康的3月龄小尾寒羊杂交公羔,随机分成4组,每组5只,对照组(CON)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加5(ZEO5)、10(ZEO10)、15(ZEO15)mL/kg花椒精油,每组单圈饲喂。预试期7 d,正试期45 d。结果表明:(1)ZEO5组的增重和平均日增重明显高于CON、ZEO10和ZEO15组(P>0.05)。(2)ZEO10和ZEO15组的胴体重显著高于CON和ZEO5组(P<0.05)。ZEO10组的眼肌面积显著高于CON(P<0.05)。(3)添加花椒精油组背最长肌的剪切力均低于对照组,且ZEO5和ZEO15组显著低于CON组(P<0.05);背最长肌对照组的L^(*)和b^(*)值显著高于精油组(P<0.05);对照组背最长肌、半腱肌和股二头肌的a^(*)值均显著低于精油组(P<0.05)。ZEO10和ZEO15组股二头肌的失水率显著低于CON(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加花椒精油可提高育肥羊的生长性能和屠宰性能,改善肉品质,添加10 mL/kg的花椒精油对育肥羊的效果最佳。

The purpose of this test was to explore the effects of Zanthoxylum essential oil on growth performance,slaughter performance and meat quality of mutton sheep.The test adopted a single factor test design.A total of 20 healthy 3-month-old hybrid male small-tailed Han sheep with similar weight(24.72±0.91 kg)were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups with 5 sheep in each group.The control group(CON)was fed a basic diet,and for the experimental group,5(ZEO5),10(ZEO10),and 15(ZEO15)g/d Zanthoxylum essential oils were added to the the basic diet,and each group was fed separately.The test was 52 days in total,of which the adaptation period was 7 days and the test was 45 days.Results showed(1)the weight gain and average daily gain of ZEO5 group were significantly higher than those of CON,ZEO10 and ZEO15 groups(P>0.05).(2)The carcass weight of ZEO10 and ZEO15 groups was significantly higher than that of CON and ZEO5 groups(P<0.05).The eye muscle area of ZEO10 group was significantly higher than that of CON(P<0.05).(3)The shear force of the longissimus dorsi in the Zanthoxylum essential oil group was lower than that of the control group,and the ZEO5 and ZEO15 groups were significantly lower than the CON group(P<0.05);the longissimus dorsi control group had significantly higher L^(*)and b^(*)than that of the essential oil group(P<0.05);the a^(*)value of the longissimus dorsi,semitendinosus and biceps femoris in the control group were significantly lower than those of the essential oil group(P<0.05).The water loss rate of the biceps femoris in the ZEO10 and ZEO15 groups was significantly lower than that of the CON(P<0.05).In summary,adding Zanthoxylum essential oil in the diet can improve the growth performance and slaughter performance of fattening sheep,and improve meat quality.In this experiment,adding 10 mL/kg of Zanthoxylum essential oil has the best effect on fattening sheep.