黑河流域中游沙荒地元宝枫引种栽培试验研究

Experimental Study on the Introduction and Cultivation of Acer truncatum in the Sandland of the Middle Reaches of the Heihe River Basin

元宝枫系一种适应力较强的生态经济型树种。采用客土造林法,在黑河流域中游沙荒地分别栽植陕西杨凌、河南平顶山、山东聊城引进的元宝枫苗木,试验研究表明,1)不同种源的苗木栽植后,栽植成活率最高的是陕西杨凌,为69.3%,分别较山东聊城和河南平顶山高27.2%和32.6%;栽植2年生的元宝枫苗木枝条生长量最大的是陕西杨凌的苗木,枝条平均生长量为108.8cm,分别较山东聊城和河南平顶山枝条平均生长量高16.98%和37.37%;第2年新梢生长量达78.8cm,分别比山东聊城和河南平顶山高34.47%和72.05%;胸径均生长量分别高7.56%和12.04%;2)元宝枫苗木在黑河流域中游沙荒地3月20—25日栽植成活率最高,带土球栽植的较4月20—25日高19.9%,裸根苗高26.3%,胸径生长量均增粗5.81%,新生枝条均生长量提高43.7%;3)带状客土整地后栽植陕西杨凌、河南平顶山和山东聊城的苗木,其成活率分别较局部客土整地提升28.49%、23.61%和25.15%,2年生胸径均生长量增大14.41%、13.57%和14.22%,2年生新生枝条均生长量提高67.9%、43.1%和49.6%。研究成果为元宝枫在黑河流域中游沙荒地引种栽培提供技术支撑。

Acer truncatum is an ecological and economic tree species with strong adaptability.Using the method of using native soil to cultivate forests,the seedlings of Acer truncatum introduced from Shaanxi Yangling,Henan Pingdingshan,and Shandong Liaocheng were planted on the sandy wasteland in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin.The experimental research showed that,1)After planting seedlings from different sources,the highest survival rate was Shaanxi Yangling at 69.3%,which was 27.2%and 32.6%higher than Shandong Liaocheng and Henan Pingdingshan,respectively;The seedlings of A-cer truncatum planted for 2 years have the highest branch growth rate in Yangling,Shaanxi,with an average branch growth rate of 108.8 cm,which is 16.98%and 37.37%higher than the average branch growth rates in Liaocheng,Shandong and Pingdingshan,Henan,respectively;In the second year,the growth rate of new shoots reached 78.8 cm,which was 34.47%and 72.05%higher than that of Liaocheng in Shandong and Pingdingshan in Henan,respectively;The average growth rate of breast diameter was 7.56%and 12.04%higher,respectively;2)The survival rate of Yuanbao Maple seedlings planted on the sandy wasteland in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin was the highest on March 2025.Those planted with soil balls were 19.9%higher than those planted on April 2025,and bare root seedlings were 26.3%higher.The average diameter at breast height growth increased by 5.81%,and the average growth rate of new branches increased by 43.7%;3)The survival rates of seedlings planted in Yangling,Shaanxi,Pingdingshan,Henan,and Liaocheng,Shandong after strip soil preparation were 28.49%,23.61%,and 25.15%higher than those in local soil preparation,respectively.The average growth rate of 2-year-old breast diameter increased by 14.41%,13.57%,and 14.22%,and the average growth rate of 2-year-old new branches increased by 67.9%,43.1%,and 49.6%.The research results provide technical support for the introduction and cultivation of Acer truncatum in the sandy wasteland of the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin.