参加异地商会能抑制企业避税吗?

Can Participating in Hometown‑based Busine Curb Corporate Tax Avoidance?

异地商会作为构建多元共治的社会治理新格局的重要主体,是推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要力量。本文以2010—2022年沪深A股上市公司为样本,考察了异地商会对企业避税的治理效应。研究发现:参加异地商会可以有效抑制企业的避税行为;机制检验结果表明,异地商会主要发挥服务会员和服务社会职能,通过缓解外源融资约束和强化社会责任意识两条路径削弱会员企业的避税动机,进而降低企业避税程度。进一步的研究发现:异地商会对于企业避税的抑制效果主要体现在税收征管力度较强、机构投资者持股比例较大和分析师关注度较高的企业中,这说明在治理企业避税方面,参加异地商会与税务部门征管、机构投资者监督和分析师跟踪存在叠加效应,即异地商会能否发挥税收治理效应取决于政府和市场机制是否有效。本文从企业避税视角丰富了异地商会的治理效应研究,从社会组织视角拓展了企业避税的影响因素文献,为促进异地商会健康有序发展、推动社会组织参与社会治理实践、健全共建共治共享的社会治理制度提供经验参考。

As an important subject of building a new pattern of social governance with multiple co‐governance,the hometown‐based business association(HBA)is an important force to promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity.With Chinese A‐share listed companies from 2010 to 2022,the governance effect of HBAs on corporate tax avoidance is examined.It is found that participating in HBAs can effectively restrain the corporate tax avoidance behavior.The mechanism test results show that HBAs mainly play the function of serving members and the society,and weaken the tax avoidance motivation of member enterprises by alleviating the constraints of external financing and strengthening the awareness of social responsibility.Further research finds that the inhibitory effect of the HBAs on corporate tax avoidance is mainly reflected in the enterprises with strong tax collection,large shareholding proportion of institutional investors and high attention from analysts,which indicates that in terms of inhibiting tax avoidance,participation in the HBAs has a superimposed effect on tax collection,institutional investor supervision and analyst coverage.That is,whether the HBAs can exert the effect of tax governance depends on the effectiveness of government and market mechanism.It enriches the study on the governance effects of HBAs from the perspective of tax evasion,and expands the literature on the influencing factors of corporate tax avoidance from the perspective of social organization.The conclusions of this paper provide empirical reference for promoting the healthy and orderly development of HBAs,facilitating social organizations to participate in social governance practices,and improving the social governance system of co-construction,co-governance and sharing.