环境不平等降低了居民幸福感吗?——基于中国综合社会调查(CGSS)微观数据的实证研究

Does Environmental Inequality Reduce Residents’Happiness:An Empirical Study Based on the Micro Data of China Comprehesive Social Survey(CGSS)

本文通过将省级、城市数据与中国综合社会调查(Chinese General Social Survey,CGSS)微观数据相匹配,在测度环境基尼系数基础上,采用Probit和中介效应模型研究了环境不平等对居民幸福感的影响路径。结果表明:工业废水测度下的环境不平等显著降低了居民幸福感,而工业二氧化硫和工业烟粉尘测度下的环境不平等却显著提高了居民幸福感。环境不平等对居民幸福感的影响存在区域和城乡异质性,环境不平等对东部地区居民幸福感的影响大于中西部地区;工业废水测度下的环境不平等对城镇居民的影响比农村居民大,工业废气则相反。在环境不平等影响幸福感的路径中,经济增长和健康状况是重要的作用机制,经济增长发挥了显著的正向调节作用和中介作用,健康状况只发挥中介作用。因此,加强环境治理,统筹区域和城乡协调发展,坚持经济建设与改善居民健康状况,对新时代中国政府提高居民幸福感,走出“伊斯特林悖论”有重要意义。

By matching provincial and urban data with micro-data from the Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS),and based on measuring the environmental Gini coefficient,the impact path of environmental inequality on Residents’well-being was researched by using probit and intermediary effect model.The results show that environmental inequality measured by industrial wastewater significantly reduces residents’well-being,however,the environmental inequality measured by industrial sulfur dioxide and industrial smoke and dust significantly improves residents’well-being.There are regional and urban-rural heterogeneities in the impact of environmental inequality on Residents’well-being.Environmental inequality has a greater impact on residents’happiness in the eastern region than in the central and western regions.Under the measurement of industrial wastewater,environmental inequality has a greater impact on urban residents than rural residents,while industrial waste gas is the opposite.In the path of environmental inequality affecting well-being,economic growth and health status are important mechanisms.Economic growth plays a significant positive regulatory and intermediary role,while health status only plays an intermediary role.Therefore,strengthening environmental governance,coordinating regional and urban-rural development,adhering to economic construction and improving residents’health are of great significance for the Chinese government to improve residents’happiness and get out of the“Easterlin paradox”in the new era.