中国少年女子足球运动员功能性动作能力与下肢爆发力、Y-平衡的关系探究

A Study on the Relationship between the Functional Movement Ability,Lower Extremity Explosive Force and Y-balance of National Women's Football Players

目的:分析中国少年女子足球运动员(以下简称国少女足)功能性动作筛查评分结果与下肢爆发力、Y-平衡存在的内在联系,为提高国少女足运动员运动表现提供参考。方法:选取24名国少女足运动员进行功能性动作筛查测试、20m冲刺、立定跳远、下蹲跳、Y-平衡测试,并对结果进行分析。位置间采用单因素方差分析,相关性研究采用Person分析。结果:(1)国少女足运动员功能性动作筛查测试平均分为16.20,最佳截断点为14.5分;(2)跨栏步、主动直膝抬腿与20m分段冲刺速度存在显著负相关(r=-0.466,P<0.05;r=-0.367,P<0.05),过顶深蹲动作模式与立定跳远存在显著正相关(r=0.181,P<0.05),Y-平衡临界值在各个位置之间存在统计学意义(P<0.01);(3)FMS总分对准确预测国少女足球员非接触性损伤具有较高的诊断价值,曲线下面积为0.903。结论:(1)我国优秀国少女足运动员髋关节主动灵活性和臀大肌-髂胫束联合等肌群的主动柔韧性较好,但存在膝关节、髋关节稳定性差、躯干核心区肌群控制能力不足等问题,训练应着重加强臀部肌群的激活与练习、核心区稳定与核心区力量训练。(2)FMS得分与20m分段冲刺速度存在显著负相关,与立定跳远存在显著正相关,与下蹲跳能力存在正相关,与Y-平衡得分存在负相关,FMS测试得分并不能全面反映球员下肢爆发力、Y-平衡能力的高低,测试评估与训练需要考虑球员个体差异性,强调针对性帮助球员提高运动表现,降低损伤风险。

Objective:to analyze the internal relationship between the results of functional action screening and the explosive power and y-balance of lower limbs,to provide reference for improving the performance of Chinese girl football players.Methods:24 Chinese adolescent athletes were selected to perform functional action screening test,20-meter sprint,standing long jump,reverse jump and y-balance test,and the results were analyzed.The single factor variance analysis was used between the positions,and the correlation study was conducted by person analysis.Results:(1)the average score of functional action screening test of Chinese adolescent foot athletes was 16.20,the best cutoff point was 14.5;(2)there was a significant negative correlation between hurdle step,active straight knee lifing and sprint speed of 20 m segments(r=-0.466,P<0.05;r=-0.367,P<0.05),and the y-balance threshold was significantly positive correlation with the standing long jump(r=0.181,P<0.05),and the y-equilibrium critical value was in each position There was statistical significance between the two groups(P<0.01);(3)the total score of FMS had a high diagnostic value for predicting the non-contact injury of Chinese young girls football players,and the area under the curve was 0.903.Conclusion:(1)the active flexibility of hip joint and the combination of gluteus maximus iliotibia and other muscle groups of excellent Chinese adolescent foot athletes are better,but there are some problems such as knee joint,poor stability of hip joint,insufficient control of trunk core area muscle group,etc.the training should focus on strengthening the activation and practice of gluteus muscle group,stability of core area and strength training of core area.(2)FMS score has a significant negative correlation with the sprint speed of 20 m,and has a positive correlation with the standing jump distance,a positive correlation with squat jumping ability,and a negative correlation with y-balance score.The FMS test score can not fully reflect the explosive power of the lower limbs and the level of y-balance ability of the players.The individual differences of the players should be considered in the test evaluation and training,and the targeted measures can help the players improve their sports Performance,reduce the risk of sports injury.