某啤酒厂噪声作业工人听力损失及与血压的关系分析

Hearing loss and its relationship with blood pressure among workers exposed to noise in a brewery

目的了解北京市某啤酒厂噪声作业工人的健康状况,分析听力损失情况及与血压的关系。方法选取某啤酒厂参加职业健康检查的949名噪声作业工人为调查对象,分析不同特征作业工人的纯音听阈测听和血压异常情况,以及两者之间的关系。结果噪声作业工人中,听力异常、高血压及收缩压和舒张压升高的检出率分别为73.55%、52.37%及43.84%和46.47%。男性听力异常、高血压各指标及高频听阈异常和双耳高频平均听阈增高的检出率均高于女性(P<0.05)。除较好耳听阈加权值各工龄组差异无统计学意义外(P>0.05),其它听力异常、高血压各指标、语频听阈异常、高频听阈异常、双耳高频平均听阈增高、较好耳听阈加权值增高的检出率均随年龄或工龄增长而升高或有升高趋势(P值均<0.05)。高频听阈异常组和双耳高频平均听阈增高组的高血压检出率均高于正常组(P<0.05)。结论该啤酒厂的噪声作业工人存在听力损伤,且与高血压发生有相关性。建议加强噪声防护宣传教育和防护措施,减少噪声职业损伤的发生。

Objective To investigate the health status of workers exposed to noise in a brewery in Beijing and to analyze the relationship between hearing loss and blood pressure.Methods A total of 949 noise-exposed workers in a brewery who participated in occupational health examination were selected as the investigation subjects.A survey was conducted to investigate the pure tone hearing threshold and abnormal blood pressure of the workers with different characteristics,and to analyze the relationship between the two.Results Among the noise-exposed workers,the detection rates of hearing abnormality,hypertension,and increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 73.55%,52.37%,43.84%and 46.47%,respectively.The detection rates of hearing abnormality,indicators of hypertension,high frequency hearing threshold abnormality and increased binaural high frequency hearing threshold on average in males were higher than those in females(P<0.05).Except that there was no statistically significant difference in weighted values of the better ear′s hearing thresholds among different working age groups(P>0.05),the detection rates of other hearing abnormality,indicators of hypertension,speech frequency hearing threshold abnormality,high frequency hearing threshold abnormality,increased binaural high frequency hearing threshold on average and the weighted value of the better ear′s hearing threshold all increased or had an increasing trend with the increase of age or working years(P<0.05).The detection rates of hypertension in the groups with high frequency hearing threshold abnormality and increased binaural high frequency hearing threshold on average were higher than those in the normal group(P<0.05).Conclusion The noise-exposed workers in the brewery have hearing impairment,which is related to the occurrence of hypertension.It is recommended to strengthen the publicity and education on noise protection and take protective measures to reduce the occurrence of occupational noise injury.