广州市基层医务工作者工作资源对离职意愿的影响研究

Impact of job resources on turnover intention among grassroots medical staff in Guangzhou

目的基于资源保存理论、工作要求-工作资源理论以及自我决定理论分析工作资源对离职意愿的影响,以及要求-能力匹配的调节作用,为降低基层医务工作者的离职意愿提供实证依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样法选取广州市600名基层医务工作者,利用工作资源量表、离职意愿量表和要求-能力匹配量表进行问卷调查,运用SPSS 22.0进行描述性统计、相关和多元线性回归分析。结果广州市基层医务工作者工作资源的3个维度:社会支持(β=-0.296,P=0.017)、工作控制(β=-0.392,P=0.001)和工作发展机会(β=-0.362,P=0.001)与离职意愿呈负相关;要求-能力匹配起调节作用,增强了社会支持(β=-0.211,P<0.01)、工作控制(β=-0.313,P<0.01)和工作发展机会(β=-0.158,P<0.01)与离职意愿间的负相关关系。结论基层医务工作者感知到工作资源水平越高,则离职意愿越低,要求-能力匹配起增效作用。建议提升基层医务工作者的社会支持,适度保证基层医务工作者在工作中的自主权,给予他们更多的上升通道,增加相应的培训以提升其要求-能力匹配度,从而降低其离职意愿。

Objective To analyze the influence of job resources on turnover intention as well as the moderating effect of demand–ability(DA)matching based on the Conservation of Resources(COR)theory,Job Demands-Resources(JD-R)theory and self-determination theory,so as to provide an empirical basis for reducing the turnover intention among grassroots medical workers.Methods A total of 600 grassroots medical workers in Guangzhou were selected by multi-stage stratified random sampling and underwent a questionnaire-based survey by using a job resource scale,a turnover intention scale,and a DA matching scale.The SPSS 22.0 software was used for descriptive statistics,correlation analyses,and multiple linear regression analysis.Results The three dimensions of job resources including social support(β=-0.296,P=0.017),job control(β=-0.392,P=0.001)and career development opportunities(β=-0.362,P=0.001)were negatively correlated with the turnover intention.The DA matching played a moderating role,enhancing social support(β=-0.211,P<0.01),job control(β=-0.313,P<0.01),and career development opportunities(β=-0.158,P<0.01)and thus was negatively correlated with turnover intention.Conclusions Grassroots medical workers with a high perceived level of work resources have lower turnover intention,in which the DA matching plays a synergistic role.It is important to acquire more social support,ensure job autonomy,and offer more training chances to reduce the turnover intention among grassroots medical staff.