中国海洋油气钻井技术发展现状及展望

Current status and prospects of offshore oil and gas drilling technology development in China

海洋油气勘探开发在中国正处于蓬勃发展阶段,在渤海湾浅水海域和中国南海深水及超深水海域积累了大量的油气钻井作业经验,形成了一系列适用于中国海洋油气钻井作业的关键技术,为中国海洋油气工程技术发展奠定了良好的基础。浅水钻井以丛式井、水平井、大位移井、高温高压井、多分支井等钻井技术为主,深水钻井则主要集中在深水浅层建井技术、深水深层钻井技术等领域。渤海"优快钻井"发展历程及南海荔湾22-1-1井的深水钻井作业实践,充分体现了中国海洋油气钻井技术的飞速发展,其中,浅水钻井技术与国外同步,特别在隔水导管设计与安装等技术领域已经处于国际领先地位。深水钻井技术由于起步较晚,在水下井口、水下防喷器、隔水管等关键装备方面仍存在一定差距,面对深水钻井关键技术装备领域的"卡脖子"挑战,需要加大技术攻关和创新力度,才能应对未来深水、超深水油气钻井技术发展需求。

Offshore hydrocarbon exploration and development in China are currently in a booming stage.Extensive experience has been accumulated from oil and gas drilling operations in the shallow waters of Bohai Bay and the deep and ultra-deep waters of the South China Sea.This has led to the development of a series of key technologies suitable for offshore oil and gas drilling operations in China,laying a solid foundation for the advancement of offshore oil and gas engineering technology.Shallow-water drilling primarily focuses on the techniques such as cluster wells,horizontal wells,high-displacement wells,high-temperature and high-pressure wells,and multilateral wells;on the other hand,deepwater drilling mainly applies the deepwater shallow-depth well construction and deepwater deep-depth drilling technology.The development of fast drilling technique in Bohai Sea and the deepwater drilling operations of Well Liwan 22-1-1 in the South China Sea demonstrate the rapid advance of offshore oil and gas drilling technology in China.Shallow-water drilling technology has achieved synchronization with international standards;especially in the fields of offshore drilling riser design and installation,China holds a leading position in the world.However,the deepwater drilling technology,due to its later development,still faces certain challenges in the critical equipment including subsea wellheads,subsea blowout preventers and marine riser.To address these severe challenges and meet the future demands for the development of deep and ultra-deepwater oil and gas drilling technology,it is crucial to put more efforts in technology breakthrough and innovation in the key equipment fields.