环梵净山区域畜禽养殖污染量估算及负荷预警研究

Study of Livestock and Poultry Breeding Pollution Estimation and Load Warning in Surrounding Fanjin Mountain Area

为了解环梵净山区域畜禽养殖污染与环境保护之间是否存在现实矛盾,文章运用排污系数法与土地承载法估算2014-2021年该区域畜禽养殖污染量并对其负荷预警进行分析。结果表明:(1)区域畜禽粪尿、TP、TN污染物排放量总体呈上升趋势,其中粪尿排放量依次是牛>猪>家禽>羊,TP排放量趋于平稳,TN变化趋势较大,各乡镇畜禽粪尿、TP、TN排放量差异较大,其中德旺乡的排放量最多,太平镇最少,其余乡镇变化不大;(2)区域猪粪当量、N、P负荷总体处于上升态势,N、P最大负荷量均未超过欧盟标准,各乡镇负荷变化趋势差异较大,部分乡镇的负荷值已经超过区域均值,污染负荷问题较为严重;区域内畜禽污染预警等级存在上升趋势,污染风险逐渐增大,除太平镇无污染外,其余乡镇在不同时间段均存在污染,负荷预警问题严峻。由此提出调整畜禽养殖结构,合理控制畜禽饲养规模,严格落实保护区规定,精准实施污染治理政策,加大养殖主体技能培训,拓宽养殖主体就业渠道等对策建议。

In order to understand whether there is a realistic contradiction between livestock breeding pollution and environmental protection in the Fanjing Mountain area,this article uses the pollution discharge coefficient and land carrying method to estimate the amount of livestock breeding pollution in the area from 2014 to 2021 and analyze its load warning.The results show as follows:(1)the pollutant emissions of feces,urine and TP and TN exhibited an overall upward trend,and the order of feces and urine emissions amount was bovine>pigs>poultry>sheep,and the emission of TP was stable,while TN was unstable.The emissions of manure,urine and TP and TN varied greatly in each township,among them,Dewang town produced the most emissions,Taiping town the least emissions,and the other townships changed a little.(2)The pig fecal equivalent,N and P load also had a gradual upward trend,but the maximum load of N and P did not exceed the EU standard.The load change was quite different among townships,and some townships had exceeded the regional average,indicating that the problem of pollution load was serious.The warning level of livestock and poultry pollution,and pollution risk had a rising trend,and towns(except Taiping town)surrounding Fanjing mountain area suffered pollution in different time periods,suggesting that the problem of load warning was serious.Based on the above-mentioned findings,some corresponding countermeasures and suggestions were put forward,such as adjusting the structure of livestock and poultry breeding,rationally controlling the breeding scale,strictly implementing regulations in protected area,accurately carrying out pollution control policies,enhancing skill training for livestock breeding farmers,and broadening employment channel of livestock and poultry farmers.